Seismic Response of Horizontal Soil Layers
In many cases the ground motions developed near the surface of a soil deposit during an earthquake may be attributed primarily to the upward propagation of shear waves from an underlying rock formation. If the ground surface, the rock surface, or the boundaries between different soil layers are inclined, analyses of the response of the soil deposit can be made only by techniques such as the finite-element method. If the ground surface, the rock surface, and the boundaries between the soil layers are essentially horizontal, however, the lateral extent of the deposit has no influence on the response, and the deposit may be considered as a series of semi-infinite layers.
Idriss, I.M. and Seed, H.B., 1968, Seismic response of horizontal soil layers: Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, v. 94, p. 1003-1031.
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Email Address Created for Land Exchange Questions
The Southwestern Region Office of Lands and Minerals Management is overseeing and administering the land exchange and appraisal process which includes the 2,422-acre Oak Flat Federal Parcel. All questions about the land exchange and appraisal process should be emailed to SM.FS.rcexinfo@usda.gov
Programmatic Agreement Info
To comply with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act, the Tonto National Forest developed a Programmatic Agreement (PA) and included it in Volume 5, Appendix O of the final EIS. The PA was created in cooperation with the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, the State Historic Preservation Office, tribes and other consulting parties. The PA contains an agreed upon process for identifying, evaluating and addressing adverse effects to historic properties associated with this undertaking.
To review Volume 5 and the PA, Download Vol 5 PDF, 27 MB.
Forest Service Point of Contact
John Scaggs
Tonto National Forest
john.scaggs@usda.gov
Apache Leap Special Management Area
Apache Leap SMA website