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This report deals with the potential impacts of noise and vibration on the Apache Leap Special Management Area (SMA) due to the construction and operation of the proposed underground inclined conveyor system for the Resolution Copper facility.

The 2012 Edition is the result of an evolution of design philosophy and will be updated as required to reflect current design issues and approaches.

Roads, urbanization, canals, railways, energy corridors and activities of illegal migrants and border security operations not only destroy habitat, but create barriers that isolate wildlife populations and disrupt ecological functions such as gene flow, predator-prey interactions, and migration.

Mining company Samarco and its owners, BHP Billiton and Vale SA, reached a deal with the Brazilian government on Wednesday to pay an estimated 20 billion reais ($5.1 billion) in damages over 15 years for a deadly dam spill in November.

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A weed is an unwanted plant, and people have lived with and combated unwanted plants since the dawn of agriculture, or perhaps even earlier.

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Water balances models have been developed for each alternative. These water balance models have been augmented by the addition of chemical balances. The purpose of this memo is to provide a description of the predictions of the chemical balance and resulting solute chemistry for Alternative 2.

This report contains a summary of ongoing work on the effects of noise on wildlife populations to date. Because the numbers and/or diversity of species have been used as indicators of the effects of noise, a number of studies that have indicated one or both of these factors for species alongside roads are included, although noise is not specifically mentioned in some of these reports.

The purpose of this memo is solely to identify a list of potential GDEs and their characteristics. Analysis of predicted impacts to GDEs is the focus of the full efforts of the Groundwater Modeling Workgroup and is described separately in the project record.