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A distinctive suite of volcanic, sedimentary, structural, and physiographic characteristics permits differentiation of the post-1 2- to 15- Ma Basin-Range disturbance from earlier mid-Tertiary extensional tectonism in Arizona. Basin-Range volcanism comprises basalts or bimodal basalt-rhyolite suites that are concentrated in several fields in central and northern Arizona; the age of volcanism generally decreases northeast and east onto the Colorado Plateau margin.

Paleoseismological data for the Wasatch and San Andreas fault zones have led to the formulation of the characteristic earthquake model, which postulates that individual faults and fault segments tend to generate essentially same size or characteristic earthquakes having a relatively narrow range of magnitudes near the maximum.

Source parameters for historical earthquakes worldwide are compiled to develop a series of empirical relationships among moment magnitude (M), surface rupture length, subsurface rupture length, downdip rupture width, rupture area, and maximum and average displacement per event. The resulting data base is a significant update of previous compilations and includes the additional source parameters of seismic moment, moment magnitude, subsurface rupture length, downdip rupture width, and average surface displacement.

The Property is a private in-holding within the Tonto National Forest, located along Cave Creek about 6 miles north of the town of Cave Creek. The nearest large metropolitan community is Phoenix, Arizona, located approximately 25 miles south of the Property.

This catalog has been prepared to summarize available information for selected springs and seeps in the Upper Queen Creek and Devils Canyon watersheds. The springs and seeps included in this catalog were selected based on proximity to planned facilities as proposed by Resolution Copper for the Resolution mine project. Version 2.0.

Estimates of soil seed banks are important to many ecological investigations and plant conservation, yet seed banks are among the most difficult plant community attributes to accurately quantify.

Nowhere in the United States are there more rare and unusual native plants than in Arizona. Most of them are many years old and cannot be replaced. Many people desire to use these "wonders of nature" in their landscaping. However, most of these plants are protected by law.

Information about Arizona's varied plant and animal life.

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Materials that meet the criteria of Freedom of Information Act exemptions are not posted on this website. Culturally sensitive materials not posted here fall under this criteria.

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Light pollution, the introduction of artificial lighting into areas where it changes the illumination or spectral composition of natural lighting, may be one factor contributing to amphibian declines.