Documents Cited - Draft EIS

Abella, S.R. 2010. Disturbance and plant succession in the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts in the American Southwest. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 7(4):1248-1284.

Abella, S.R. 2017. Restoring Desert Ecosystems. In Routledge Handbook of Ecological and Environmental Restoration, edited by S.K. Allison and S.D. Murphy, pp. 158-172. New York, New York Taylor and Francis.

Abella, S.R., L.P. Chiquoine, and C.H. Vanier. 2013. Characterizing soil seed banks and relationships to plant communities. Plant Ecology 214(5):703-715.

Agriculture Victoria. 2017. Puna grass (Achnatherum brachychaetum). Available at: Puna grass. Accessed April 6, 2018.

Air Sciences Inc. 2018a. Final Air Quality Impacts Analysis Modeling Plan, Resolution Copper Project, AZ. Project No. 262. Golden, Colorado: Air Sciences Inc. March.

Air Sciences Inc. 2018b. Resolution Copper Project Air Quality Impacts Analysis Modeling Plan for NEPA. Prepared for Resolution Copper. Golden, Colorado: Air Sciences Inc. June.

Air Sciences Inc. 2018c. Resolution Copper Project NEPA Air Quality Impacts Analyses. Prepared for Tonto National Forest. Project No. 262. Golden, Colorado: Air Sciences Inc. November.

Air Sciences Inc. 2019. Resolution Copper Project NEPA Air Quality Impacts Analyses. Prepared for Tonto National Forest. Project No. 262. Golden, Colorado: Air Sciences Inc. February.

Allen, R. 2017. Cenchrus ciliaris. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Available at: Buffalo Grass. Accessed January 28, 2019.

Alves, P.L.d.C.A., A.C.N. Magalhães, and P.R. Barja. 2002. The phenomenon of photoinhibition of photosynthesis and its importance in reforestation. The Botanical Review 68(2):193-208.

AMEC Foster Wheeler Americas Limited. 2019. Tailings Corridor Pipeline Management Plan, Resolution Copper, Superior, Arizona. May.

AMEC Foster Wheeler Environment and Infrastructure. 2017. Noise and Vibration Assessment - Resolution Copper Underground to Surface Conveyor System - Apache Leap Special Management Area. TC160807. Prepared for Resolution Copper. Mississauga, Ontario: AMEC Foster Wheeler Environment and Infrastructure. February 10.

America's Scenic Byways. 2018. Gila-Pinal Scenic Road. Available at: America's Scenic Byways. Accessed April 1, 2018.

American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. 2004. A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets. 5th ed. Washington, D.C.: American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.

American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. 2011. Roadside Design Guide. 4th ed. Washington, D.C.: American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.

American Society for Testing and Materials. 1996. Standard Test Method for Accelerated Weathering of Solid Materials Using a Modified Humidity Cell. Designation: D 5744 – 96 (Reapproved 2001). West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania: ASTM International.

Anderson, K., S. Wells, and R. Graham. 2002. Pedogenesis of vesicular horizons, Cima Volcanic Field, Mojave Desert, California. Soil Science Society of America Journal 66(3):878-887.

Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. 2019. Onionweed (Asphodelus fistulosus L.). U.S. Department of Agriculture. Available at: Download Onionweed PDF. Accessed January 28, 2019.

ARCADIS U.S. Inc. 2015a. Lower Smelter Pond Noise Monitoring Report: Resolution Copper Mining, Superior, Arizona. Phoenix, Arizona: ARCADIS Design and Consultancy. December 15.

ARCADIS U.S. Inc. 2015b. West Plant Noise Monitoring Study, Superior, Arizona. Prepared for Resolution Copper Mining LLC. Ref: AZ001210.0033. Phoenix, Arizona: ARCADIS U.S. Inc. September 29.

Arizona Auditor General. 2017a. Gila County: Annual Financial Report and Single Audit Report, Year Ended June 30, 2014. A report to the Arizona legislature. Phoenix, Arizona: State of Arizona Office of the Auditor General. June 29.

Arizona Auditor General. 2017b. Graham County: Annual Financial Report and Single Audit Report, Year Ended June 30, 2016. A report to the Arizona legislature. Phoenix, Arizona: State of Arizona Office of the Auditor General. March 30.

Arizona Department of Agriculture. 2019. Native Plants. Available at: Native Plants. Accessed July 3.

Arizona Department of Environmental Quality. 2004. Arizona Mining Guidance Manual BADCT. Aquifer Protection Program. Publication No. TB-04-01. Phoenix, Arizona: Arizona Department of Environmental Quality.

Arizona Department of Environmental Quality. 2015. Air Dispersion Modeling Guidelines for Arizona Air Quality Permits. Phoenix: Arizona Department of Environmental Quality, Air Quality Division. December 1.

Arizona Department of Environmental Quality. 2017. DRAFT - Queen Creek Dissolved Copper TMDL. Publication number: OFR-03. Available at: Download Total Maximum Daily Loads PDF. Accessed June 14, 2019.

Arizona Department of Environmental Quality. 2018a. Arizona's 2018 303(d) List of Impaired Waters. Available at: Download List of Impaired Waters PDF. Accessed June 14, 2019.

Arizona Department of Environmental Quality. 2018b. Hayden PM-10 Nonattainment Area. Available at: Hayden PM-10 Nonattainment Area. Accessed January 6, 2018.

Arizona Department of Forestry and Fire Management. 2018. Arizona Communities at Risk. Available at: Arizona At Risk Communities. Accessed May 24, 2019.

Arizona Department of Transportation. 2014. Roadway Design Guidelines. Phoenix, Arizona: Roadway Engineering Group, Arizona Department of Transportation. April.

Arizona Department of Transportation. 2016. Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) Meeting #2 Summary. Available at: Meeting Summary. Accessed November 3, 2018.

Arizona Department of Transportation. 2018. Scenic Roads. Available at: List of Scenic Roads. Accessed January 2, 2019.

Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2013. The Pinal County Wildlife Connectivity Assessment: Report on Stakeholder Input. Phoenix: Arizona Game and Fish Department. April.

Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2018a. Arizona Heritage Data Management System: Species Abstracts. Available at: Arizona Natural Heritage Program. Accessed January 9, 2019.

Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2018b. Game Management Unit 24A. Available at: Game Management Unit 24A. Accessed June 4, 2018.

Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2018c. Game Management Unit 24B. Available at: Game Management Unit 24B. Accessed June 4, 2018.

Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2018d. Game Management Unit 37B. Available at: Game Management Unit 37B. Accessed June 4, 2018.

Arizona Game and Fish Department. 2018e. Report on Species of Economic Importance, Wildlife Related Recreation and Public Access within the Resolution Copper Mine Project Area. Phoenix, Arizona: Habitat, Evaluation and Lands Branch, Arizona Game and Fish Department. October 25.

Arizona Geological Survey. 2018. Natural Hazards in Arizona. Available at: Natural Hazards in Arizona. Accessed April 17, 2018.

Arizona Roadside Environments. 1999. Biotic Communities of Arizona. An online guide to Arizona's natural environment. Available at: Biotic Communities of Arizona. Accessed July 6, 2018.

Arizona State Land Department. 2019a. Grazing lease information obtained from online mapping portal. Available at: ASLD Parcel Viewer. Accessed June 1, 2019.

Arizona State Land Department. 2019b. Mineral Management Program. Available at: [Link Outdated]. Accessed May 23, 2019.
Webpage no longer available - see Arizona State Land Department.

Arizona State University. 2016. Economic Impact of Off-Highway Recreation in the State of Arizona. Available at: Download Economic Impact of Off-Highway Recreation PDF. Accessed May 23, 2019.

Arizona Trail Association. 2018. Explore the Arizona Trail. Available at: Explore the Arizona Trail.

Arizona Water Company. 2017. 2016 Annual Water Quality Report for Superior, Arizona, PWSID No. 11-021. Available at: Download 2016 Annual Water Quality Report PDF. Accessed September 6, 2018.

Arizona Wildlife Linkages Workgroup. 2006. Arizona's Wildlife Linkages Assessment. Available at: Arizona's Wildlife Linkages Assessment. Accessed December 19, 2018.

ASARCO Grupo Mexico. 2019. Ray Complex - Ray and Hayden Operations. Fact Sheet. Available at: Download Ray Complex PDF. Accessed July 11, 2019.

Australian National Committee on Large Dams Inc. 2012. Guidelines on Tailings Dams: Planning, Design, Construction, Operation and Closure. Hobart, Australia: Australian National Committee on Large Dams Inc. May.

Barber, J., and B. Andersson. 1992. Too much of a good thing: Light can be bad for photosynthesis. Trends in Biochemical Sciences 17(2):61-66.

Bates, B., T. Bayley, and H. Barter. 2018. Simulation of Drawdown Impacts from Desert Wellfield. Project #: 605.75. Technical memorandum. Tucson, Arizona: Montgomery and Associates. September 13.

BBC Research and Consulting. 2018. Socioeconomic Effects Technical Report: Resolution Copper Mine Environmental Impact Statement. Prepared for SWCA Environmental Consultants, Inc. Denver, Colorado: BBC Research and Consulting. November 12.

Beier, P. 2006. Effects of artificial night lighting on terrestrial mammals. In Ecological Consequences of Artificial Night Lighting, edited by C. Rich and T. Longcore, pp. 19–42. Washington, D.C.: Island Press.

Beier, P., D. Majka, and T. Bayless. 2007. US-60 Superior to Globe Linkage Design. Rev. Submitted to Arizona Game and Fish Department. School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University. March 20.

Bengtson, M. 2019a. Gila Conglomerate and Cover Material Summary. Process memorandum to file. Reno, Nevada: SWCA Environmental Consultants. May 27.

Bengtson, M. 2019b. Revegetation Meta-Analysis to Support Chapter 3 Soils and Vegetation Section. Process memorandum to file. Reno, Nevada: SWCA Environmental Consultants. May 22.

Bennie, J., T.W. Davies, D. Cruse, and K.J. Gaston. 2016. Ecological effects of artificial light at night on wild plants. Journal of Ecology 104:611-620.

Benz, L.D. 2006. A Class III Cultural Resources Survey of Approximately 5 Acres Near Superior, Pinal County, Arizona. Cultural Resources Report 2006-14. ASM Accession No. 2006-0111. Project No. 807.10 B 110. Tucson, Arizona: WestLand Resources, Inc. March 2.

BGC Engineering USA Inc. 2018a. Resolution Copper Project and Land Exchange Environmental Impact Statement: Geologic Data and Subsidence Modeling Evaluation Report. Draft. Rev 6. Golden, Colorado: BGC Engineering USA Inc. November 30.

BGC Engineering USA Inc. 2018b. Resolution Copper Project EIS - Mining-Induced Seismicity: Causes and Possible Impacts. Project No.: 1704004. Memorandum. Golden, Colorado: BGC Engineering USA Inc. July 9.

BGC Engineering USA Inc. 2018c. Resolution Copper Project EIS Hydrologic Model Results for DEIS Alternatives. Project No.: 1704-003. Golden, Colorado: BGC Engineering USA Inc. October 30.

BGC Engineering USA Inc. 2018d. Resolution Copper Project EIS: Review of Numerical Groundwater Model Construction and Approach (Mining and Subsidence Area) - DRAFT. Project No.: 1704005.03. Golden, Colorado: BGC Engineering Inc. November.

Bickel, A.K., D. Duval, and G. Frisvold. 2018. Contribution of On-Farm Agriculture and Agribusiness to the Pinal County Economy: Economic Contribution Analyses for 2016. Tucson, Arizona: Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of Arizona. December.

Blainer-Fleming, J., J. Meyer, and M. Cross. 2013. Phase I Hydrogeologic Field Investigations, Near West Tailings Site, Pinal County, Arizona. Project: 605.76. Technical memorandum. Tucson, Arizona: Montgomery and Associates. May 1.

Boadle, A., and S. Eisenhammer. 2016. Samarco, BHP and Vale agree to pay $5B in damages for Brazil mining disaster. Insurance Journal, 3 March. San Diego, California.

Bolt, Beranek, and Newman. 1971. Noise from Construction Equipment and Operations, Building Equipment, and Home Appliances. Contract 68-04-0047. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Noise Abatement and Control. December 31.

Bowker, L.N. 2019. World Mine Failures as of March 2019 - Database. Available at: World Mine Failures. Accessed May 6, 2019.

Bowker, L.N., and D.M. Chambers. 2015. The Risk, Public Liability and Economics of Tailings Storage Facility Failures. Available at: Download Risk, Public Liability and Economics of Tailings Storage Facility Failures PDF. Accessed May 26, 2019.

Brandt, C.J., and R.W. Rhoades. 1972. Effects of limestone dust accumulation on composition of a forest community. Environmental Pollution 3(1972):217-225.

Breckenfeld, D.J., and D. Robinett. 2001. Soil and Range Resource Inventory of the National Audubon Society Appleton-Whittell Research Ranch, Santa Cruz County, Arizona: Special Report. Natural Resources Conservation Service. April.

Brennan, T.C. 2008. Reptiles and Amphibians of Arizona. Available at: Reptiles and Amphibians of Arizona. Accessed January 12, 2019.

Briggs, W.R. 2006. Physiology of Plant Responses to Artificial Night Lighting. In Ecological Consequences of Artificial Night Lighting, edited by C. Rich and T. Longcore, pp. 389-411. Washington, D.C.. Island Press.

Brown, D.E. (ed.). 1994. Biotic Communities: Southwestern United States and Northwestern Mexico. Salt Lake City, Utah: University of Utah Press.

Brown, D.E., T.C. Brennan, and P.J. Unmack. 2007. A digitized biotic community map for plotting and comparing North American plant and animal distributions. CANOTIA 3(1):1-12.

Brown, D.E., and R.A. Minnich. 1986. Fire and changes in Creosote Bush Scrub of the Western Sonoran Desert, California. The American Midland Naturalist 116(2):411-422.

Brown Jr., J.H., and A.C. Gibson. 1983. Biogeography. St. Louis, Missouri: C.V. Mosby Company.

Buchanan, B.W. 2006. Observed and potential effects of artificial night lighting on Anuran amphibians. In Ecological Consequences of Artificial Night Lighting, edited by C. Rich and T. Longcore, pp. 192-220. Washington, D.C.: Island Press.

Buckles, A. 2007. A Class III Cultural Resources Survey of 0.68 Acre of State Trust Land Near US 60 and Queen Valley Road, Pinal County, Arizona. Cultural Resources Report 2007-45. Project No. 807.15 520 520. Tucson, Arizona: WestLand Resources, Inc. December 21.

Buckles, A. 2008. A Class III Cultural Resources Inventory of 281 Acres in the Pinal Highlands, Pinal and Gila Counties, Arizona: Resolution Pre-Feasibility Studies. Cultural Resources Report 2008-21. WestLand Project No. 807.17 500x 500. TNF Project No. 2005-12-090. Tucson, Arizona: WestLand Resources, Inc. April 10.

Buckles, A. 2009. A Class III Cultural Resources Inventory of 302 Acres in the Pinal Highlands, Pinal and Gila Counties, Arizona: Resolution Pre-Feasibility Studies. Cultural Resources Report 2008-21. WestLand Project No. 807.25. TNF Project No. 2007-12-095. Tucson, Arizona: WestLand Resources, Inc. May 4.

Buckles, A., and S. Granger. 2009. A Class III Cultural Resources Inventory Within State Lands South of Oak Flat in Pinal County, Arizona. Cultural Resources Report 2008-23. Project No. 807.15/17 520 520. Tucson, Arizona: WestLand Resources, Inc. December 18.

Buckles, A., and C. Jerla. 2008. A Class III Cultural Resources Inventory Along the MARRCO Right-of-Way West of Superior Pinal County, Arizona. Cultural Resources Report 2008-27. WestLand Project No. 807.24 A 01. Tucson, Arizona: WestLand Resources, Inc. September 9.

Buckles, A., C. Jerla, and C. Dore. 2012. A Cultural Resources Inventory of the Magma Arizona Railroad Right-of-Way, Pinal County, Arizona. Cultural Resources Report 2012-18. ASM Accession No. 2012-0122. WestLand Project No. 807.44 C 500. Tucson, Arizona: WestLand Resources, Inc. May 15.

Bureau of Land Management. 1984. Manual 8400 - Visual Resource Management. Rel. 8-24. Washington D.C.: Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Managment. April 5.

Bureau of Land Management. 1986a. Manual 8431 - Visual Resource Contrast Rating. Rel. 8-30. Washington D.C.: Bureau of Land Management. January 17.

Bureau of Land Management. 1986b. Manual H-8410-1 - Visual Resource Inventory. Rel. 8-28. Washington, D.C.: Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. January 17.

Bureau of Land Management. 1989. Phoenix Resource Management Plan Environmental Impact Statement: Record of Decision. Phoenix, Arizona: Bureau of Land Management. September 29.

Bureau of Land Management. 1991. Safford District Resource Management Plan and Environmental Impact Statement. Safford, Arizona: Bureau of Land Management. August.

Bureau of Land Management. 1994a. Arizona Statewide Wild and Scenic Rivers, Legislative Environmental Impact Statement. Phoenix, Arizona: Bureau of Land Management. December.

Bureau of Land Management. 1994b. Partial Record of Decision for the Approval of the Safford District Resource Management Plan Environmental Impact Statement II. Phoenix, Arizona: Bureau of Land Management, Safford District Office. July.

Bureau of Land Management. 2012. Lower Sonoran Record of Decision and Approved Resource Management Plan. BLM/AZ/PL-12/007. Phoenix, Arizona: Bureau of Land Management. September.

Bureau of Land Management. 2014. Planning for Recreation and Visitor Services. BLM Handbook H-8320-1. Washington, D.C.: Bureau of Land Management.

Bureau of Land Management. 2017a. Land Health Evaluation: Teacup Lease No. 6168 and Whitlow Lease No. 6032. Tucson, Arizona: Bureau of Land Management, Gila District. September.

Bureau of Land Management. 2017b. Updated Bureau of Land Management Sensitive Species List for Arizona. Instruction Memorandum No. AZ-IM-2017-009. Phoenix, Arizona: Bureau of Land Management. March 1.

Bureau of Land Management. 2019. Authorization Use by Allotment Reports. Available at: Rangeland Administration System Reports. Accessed May 22, 2019.

CABI. 2018. Invasive Species Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. Available at: Invasive Species Compendium. Accessed April 12, 2018.

Campbell, S., and M. Dugan. 2017. Apache Leap Special Management Area: Biological Evaluation. Phoenix, Arizona: SWCA Environmental Consultants Inc. September.

Canadian Dam Association. 2014. Technical Bulletin: Application of Dam Safety Guidelines to Mining Dams. Toronto, Canada.

Carroll, D. 1962. Rainwater as a Chemical Agent of Geologic Processes - A Review. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1535-G. Washington D.C.: U.S. Geological Survey.

Chambers, N., and T.O. Hawkins. 2002. Invasive Plants of the Sonoran Desert: A Field Guide. Tucson, Arizona: Sonoran Institute.

Chamorro, S. 2014a. A Cultural Resources Inventory in Support of a Plan of Operation For Monitor Well Sites G and R and Associated Access Roads Located Within Section 5, Township 2 South, Range 13 East, Pinal County, Arizona. Arizona State Land Department Exploration Permit Number 08-115472. Accession Number 2013-557. Cultural Resources Report 2013-80. Project No. 0807.94 A 01-520. Tucson, Arizona: WestLand Resources, Inc. January 9.

Chamorro, S. 2014b. A Cultural Resources Inventory of 12.92 Acres An Addendum to the Resolution Project: A Cultural Resources Inventory of Baseline Hydrologic and Geotechnical Data-Gathering Sites and Access Roads in the Foothills of the Superstition Mountains, Northwest of Superior, Arizona. Cultural Resources Report 2014-58. Project No. 807.94 06 05-110. Tucson, Arizona: WestLand Resources, Inc. November 13.

Chamorro, S. 2015. A Cultural Resources Inventory of 1,153 Acres Within the East and West Plan Sites for the Resolution Copper Project, in and Near Superior, Pinal County, Arizona. Cultural Resources Report 2015-24. ASM Accession No. 2015-0061. Tonto National Forest Permit No. TON 883. Project No. 807.101. Tucson, Arizona: WestLand Resources, Inc. October 12.

Chamorro, S., S. Brown, and G. Tinseth. 2019. Results of a 7,770-Acre Cultural Resources Inventory for the Peg Leg Well Tailings Storage Facility Alternative, Pinal County, Arizona, Resolution Copper Mining. Cultural Resources Report 2018-85. Project Number: 807.146. Tucson, Arizona: WestLand Resources Inc. April 22.

Chamorro, S., B. Stone, and C. Daughtrey. 2016. A Cultural Resources Inventory of 84.2 Acres of Tonto National Forest and Private Land in Support of the Resolution Copper Project General Plan of Operations Near Superior, Pinal County, Arizona, Resolution Copper. Cultural Resources Report 2016-53. Project Number: 807.125. Tucson, Arizona: WestLand Resources, Inc. November 29.

Chamorro, S., G. Tinseth, S. Brown, and J. Bernatchez. 2019. Results of a 2,885-Acre Cultural Resources Inventory for the Silver King Filtered Tailings Storage Alternative Near Superior, Pinal County, Arizona, Resolution Copper. Cultural Resources Report 2018-94. Project Number: 807.148. Tucson, Arizona: WestLand Resources Inc. March 26.

Charest, J.P. 2016a. A Cultural Resources Inventory of 159.64 Acres for the Dripping Spring Land Exchange, Gila and Pinal Counties, Arizona. Cultural Resources Report 2015-36. Project No. 807.102 0520 03-0555. Tucson, Arizona: WestLand Resources Inc. July 5.

Charest, J.P. 2016b. A Cultural Resources Inventory of the 146.78-Acre Turkey Creek Parcel, Gila County, Arizona: Resolution Copper. Cultural Resources Report 2016-45. Project Number: 807.112 0520 03-0555. Tucson, Arizona: WestLand Resources Inc. September 28.

Charest, J.P. 2016c. A Cultural Resources Inventory of the 633.88-Acre East Clear Creek Parcel, Coconino County, Arizona. Cultural Resources Report 2015-60. Project No. 807.113 520 03-0555. Tucson, Arizona: WestLand Resources Inc. September 28.

Charest, J.P., and C.M. Francis. 2016. A Cultural Resources Inventory of the 149.18-Acre Cave Creek Parcel, Maricopa County, Arizona: Resolution Copper. Cultural Resources Report 2016-44. Project Number: 807.107 0520 03-0555. Tucson, Arizona: WestLand Resources Inc. September 28.

Cogan, R.C. 2012. Herpetofauna of the Appleton-Whittell Research Ranch. Elgin, Arizona: National Audubon Society. November.

Cook, M.D. 2007a. Resolution Class III Cultural Resources Survey Along 2.5 Miles of Magma Arizona Railroad on State Trust Land Pinal County, Arizona. Cultural Resources Report 2007-15. Project No. 807.12. Tucson, Arizona: WestLand Resources, Inc. April 11.

Cook, M.D. 2007b. Resolution Class III Cultural Resources Survey Along Magma Arizona Railroad on State Trust Land Pinal County, Arizona. ASM Accession No. 2007-0213. Cultural Resources Report 2007-12. Project No. 807.12. Tucson, Arizona: WestLand Resources, Inc. April 2.

Council on Environmental Quality. 1997. Environmental Justice: Guidance under the National Environmental Policy Act. Washington, D.C. December 10.

Council on Environmental Quality. 2011. Appropriate Use of Mitigation and Monitoring and Clarifying the Appropriate Use of Mitigated Findings of No Significant Impact. Prepared by N.H. Sutley. Memorandum. Washington, D.C.: Executive Office of the President, Council on Environmental Quality. January 14.

Cross, M., and J. Blainer-Fleming. 2012. Hydrogeologic Data Submittal, Tailings Prefeasibility Study, Whitford, Silver King, and Happy Camp Sites. Project: 605.741. Draft technical memorandum. Tucson, Arizona: Montgomery and Associates Inc. October 23.

Crowder, C.D., T.S. Love-Chezem, and A.S. Makinster. 2014. Mineral Creek and Mineral Creek Drainage Stock Tank Surveys During 2013. Phoenix, Arizona: Nongame Wildlife Branch, Arizona Game and Fish Department. December.

Dark Sky Partners LLC. 2018. Impact Assessment of the Proposed Resolution Copper Mine on Night Sky Brightness: Final Report. Prepared for Resolution Copper. Tucson, Arizona: Dark Sky Partners LLC. February.

Daughtrey, C.S. 2015. A Cultural Resources Inventory of 940 Acres Within the Appleton-Whittel Research Ranch for Resolution Coppper Mining, LLC. Cultural Resources Report 2015-49. Project No. 807.103. Tucson, Arizona: WestLand Resources Inc. December 1.

Daughtrey, C.S. 2016. A Cultural Resources Inventory of 106 Acres Along the South End of Apache Leap for Resolution Copper Mining, LLC, Pinal County, Arizona. Cultural Resources Report 2015-61. Project No. 807.108. Tucson, Arizona: WestLand Resources Inc. June 23.

Davis, E.A. 1977. Root system of shrub live oak in relation to water yield by chapparal. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 1977 meetings of the Arizona Section of the American Water Resources Association and the Hydrology Section of the Arizona Academy of Science, Las Vegas, Nevada.

Dean Runyan Associates. 2017. Arizona Travel Impacts 1998 - 2016p. Prepared for the Arizona Office of Tourism. Portland, Oregon: Dean Runyan Associates. June.

Deaver, W.L. 2010. A Cultural Resources Inventory for Four Monitoring Wells in the Vicinity of Rancho Rio Creek, Pinal County, Arizona: Resolution Plan of Operations Permitting Support. Cultural Resources Report 2010-53. Project No. 0807.34. Tucson, Arizona: WestLand Resources, Inc. November 4.

Deaver, W.L. 2012. Salt River Project: Superior to Silver King 115 kV Transmission Line Reroute, Pinal County, Arizona. Cultural Resources Report 2011-51. Project No. 807.40 A 500. Tucson, Arizona: WestLand Resources, Inc. March 6.

Deaver, W.L. 2017. The Resolution Project: Reconnaissance and Evaluation of Archaeological Resources in the Oak Flat Area. Cultural Resources Report 2016-57. Project Number: 807.127. Tucson, Arizona: WestLand Resources, Inc. January 16.

Deaver, W.L., and S. O'Mack. 2019. Resolution Copper Project Oak Flat Land Exchange Treatment Plan. Cultural Resources Report 2018-70. Tucson, Arizona: WestLand Resources, Inc. May 27.

Dierking, P. 1998. Pyracantha aka Firethorn. Available at: Pyracantha aka Firethorn. Accessed April 6, 2018.

Dolan, S.M., and W.L. Deaver. 2007. A Class III Cultural Resources Survey of 53.2 Acres Near Devils Canyon Pinal County, Arizona: Resolution State Land Well Sites A and D. Cultural Resources Report 2007-13. ASM Accession No. 2007-0189. Project No. 807.12 770X 770. Tucson, Arizona: WestLand Resources, Inc. April 19.

dos Santos, R.N.C., L.M.M.S. Caldeira, and J.P.B. Serra. 2012. FMEA of a tailing dam. Georisk 6(2):89-104.

DuBois, S.M., A.W. Smith, N.K. Nye, and T.A. Nowak Jr. 1982. Arizona Earthquakes, 1776–1980. Bulletin 193. Prepared by State of Arizona, Bureau of Geology and Mineral Technology, Geological Survey Branch.

Dugan, M. 2017. Apache Leap Special Management Area: Wildlife and Vegetation Specialist Report. Phoenix, Arizona: SWCA Environmental Consultants Inc. August.

Dugan, M. 2018. Summary of Climate Change Trends in the Southwest. Process Memorandum to File. Phoenix, Arizona: SWCA Environmental Consultants. February 26.

Duke HydroChem LLC. 2016. Geochemical Characterization of Resolution Tailings Update: 2014 - 2016. Tucson, Arizona: Duke HydroChem LLC. June 8.

Duke, K. 2019a. Occurrence of Asbestiform Minerals in Resolution Ore and Development Rock. Technical memorandum. Flagstaff, Arizona: Duke HydroChem LLC, May 23.

Duke, K. 2019b. Potential for Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (TENORM) in Tailings from Processing of the Resolution Copper Deposit. Technical memorandum. Flagstaff, Arizona: Duke HydroChem LLC. May 21.

Duthie Government Advisors. 2016. Town of Superior: Wastewater Rate Analysis. Duthie Government Advisors. October 25.

Duval, D., A.K. Bickel, G. Frisvold, X. Wu, and C. Hu. 2018. Contribution of Agriculture to the Maricopa County and Gila River Indian Community Economies. Tucson, Arizona: Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of Arizona. January.

Eary, T. 2018a. Alternative 2 - Near West Modified Proposed Action: Prediction of Operational Tailings Circuit Solute Chemistry. Technical memorandum. Loveland, Colorado: Enchemica, LLC. July 17.

Eary, T. 2018b. Alternative 3 - Near West Modified Proposed Action - Thin Lift/PAG Cell: Prediction of Operational Tailings Circuit Solute Chemistry. Technical memorandum. Loveland, Colorado: Enchemica, LLC. July 17.

Eary, T. 2018c. Alternative 4 - Silver King Filtered: Prediction of Operational Tailings Circuit Solute Chemistry. Technical memorandum. Loveland, Colorado: Enchemica, LLC. July 17.

Eary, T. 2018d. Alternative 5 - Peg Leg: Prediction of Operational Tailings Circuit Solute Chemistry/cite>. Technical memorandum. Loveland, Colorado: Enchemica, LLC. July 17.

Eary, T. 2018e. Alternative 6 - Skunk Camp: Prediction of Operational Tailings Circuit Solute Chemistry. Technical memorandum. Loveland, Colorado: Enchemica, LLC. July 17.

Eary, T. 2018f. Block Cave Geochemical Model - 2018 Update on Calculation Approach and Results. Technical memorandum. Loveland, Colorado: Enchemica, LLC. June 26.

Eary, T. 2018g. Common Inputs Common to all Operational Models of Tailings Circuit Solute Chemistry. Technical memorandum. Loveland, Colorado: Enchemica, LLC. July 18.

Eary, T. 2018h. Sodium Isopropyl Xanthate: Decomposition and Fate and Transport. Technical memorandum. Loveland, Colorado: Enchemica, LLC. July 18.

eBird. 2018. eBird - Discover a new world of birding. Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Available at: eBird. Accessed January 12, 2019.

Eldridge, D.J., and R.S.B. Greene. 1994. Microbiotic soil crusts: A review of their roles in soil and ecological processes in the Rangelands of Australia. Australian Journal of Soil Research 32:389-415.

Elliot D. Pollack and Company. 2011. Resolution Copper Company Economic and Fiscal Impact Report, Superior Arizona. Scottsdale, Arizona: Elliott D. Pollack and Company. September.

Elliot, J. 2003. Transplanting saguaros. Available at: [Link Outdated]. Accessed May 22, 2019.
Webpage no longer available - see Central Arizona Cactus and Succulent Society.

European Gas Pipeline Incident Data Group. 2015. Gas Pipeline Incidents: 9th Report of the European Gas Pipeline Incident Data Group (period 1970 - 2013). Doc. Number EGIG 14.R.0403. Groningen, the Netherlands: European Gas Pipeline Incident Data Group. February.

Farmer, A.M. 1993. The effects of dust on vegetation—a review. Environmental Pollution 79(1993):63–75.

Federal Emergency Management Agency. 2004. Federal Guidelines for Dam Safety. (FEMA-93). Available at: Download Federal Guidelines for Dam Safety PDF. Accessed May 24, 2019.

Federal Emergency Management Agency. 2005. Federal Guidelines for Dam Safety: Earthquake Analyses and Design of Dams (FEMA-65). Available at: Download Federal Guidelines for Dam Safety PDF. Accessed May 24, 2019.

Federal Emergency Management Agency. 2013. Selecting and Accomodating Inflow Design Floods for Dams. FEMA P-94. Available at: Download Selecting and Accomodating Inflow Design Floods for Dams. Accessed May 24, 2019.

Federal Highway Administration. 2004. Synthesis of Noise Effects on Wildlife Populations. Publication No. FHWA-HEP-06-016. Washington D.C.: U.S. Department of Transportation. September.

Felde, V.J.M.N.L., S. Peth, D. Uteau-Puschann, S. Drahorad, and P. Felix-Henningsen. 2014. Soil microstructrure as an under-explored feature of biological soil crust hdyrological properties: Case study from the NW Negev Desert. Biodiversity and Conservation 23(7):1687-1708.

Fenton, M.B., and G.K. Morris. 1976. Opportunistic feeding by desert bats (Myotis spp.). Canadian Journal of Zoology 54:526–530.

Ferguson, C.A., and S.J. Skotnicki. 1996. Geologic Map of the Florence Junction and Southern Portion of the Weavers Needle 7.5' Quadrangles, Pinal County, Arizona. Tucson: Arizona Geological Survey.

Fleming, J., C. Kikuchi, and T. Bayley. 2018. Peg Leg Investigations: Results of Reconnaissance. Project #: 605.8302. Technical memorandum. Tucson, Arizona: Montgomery and Associates Inc. May 7.

Fleming, J., M. Shelley, and T. Bayley. 2018. Results of Site Reconnaissance. Project #: 605.8501. Technical memorandum. Tucson, Arizona: Montgomery and Associates. July 20.

Foxcroft, L.C., V. Jarošík, P. Pyšek, D.M. Richardson, and M. Rouget. 2010. Protected-area boundaries as filters of plant invasions. Conservation Biology 25(2):400-405.

Foxcroft, L.C., M. Rouget, and D.M. Richardson. 2007. Risk assessment of riparian plant invasions into protected areas. Conservation Biology 21(2):412-421.

Frank, K.D. 2006. Effects of artificial night lighting on moths. In Ecological Consequences of Artificial Night Lighting, edited by C. Rich and T. Longcore, pp. 305-344. Washington, D.C.: Island Press.

Fundão Tailings Dam Review Panel. 2016. Report on the Immediate Causes of the Failure of the Fundão Dam. Available at: Download Immediate Causes of the Failure of the Fundão Dam PDF. Accessed December 23, 2018.

Garfin, G., A. Jardine, R. Merideth, M. Black, and S. LeRoy (eds.). 2013. Assessment of Climate Change in the Southwest United States: A Report Prepared for the National Climate Assessment. A report by the Southwest Climate Alliance. Washington, D.C.: Island Press.

Garrett, C. 2016. History of Revisions to General Plan of Operations. Process memorandum to file. Phoenix, Arizona: SWCA Environmental Consultants. August 10.

Garrett, C. 2017a. Addendum #1 to October 18, 2016 Process Memo "Summary of Hydrologic, Hydrochemical, and Geotechnical Data Received to Date". Process memorandum to file. Phoenix, Arizona: SWCA Environmental Consultants. August 16.

Garrett, C. 2017b. Tonnage of Rock Type Mined and Tailings Produced over Mine Life. Process memorandum to file. Phoenix, Arizona: SWCA Environmental Consultants. October 2.

Garrett, C. 2018a. ADWR/Desert Wellfield Modeling Meeting. Phoenix, Arizona: SWCA Environmental Consultants. November 9.

Garrett, C. 2018b. Attachment 7: Well Construction Details and Confirmation of Designation of Groundwater Types. In Summary and Analysis of Groundwater-Dependant Ecosystems. Phoenix, Arizona: SWCA Environmental Consultants. October 11.

Garrett, C. 2018c. Selection of Appropriate Baseline Conditions for NEPA Analysis. Process memorandum to file. Phoenix, Arizona: SWCA Environmental Consultants. April 11.

Garrett, C. 2018d. Summary and Analysis of Groundwater-Dependent Ecosystems. Process memorandum to file. Phoenix, Arizona: SWCA Environmental Consultants. October 11.

Garrett, C. 2019a. Information on Unpatented Mining Claims. Process memorandum to file. Phoenix, Arizona: SWCA Environmental Consultants. July 2.

Garrett, C. 2019b. Power Requirements of Mine, Mine Facilities, and Alternative Tailings Storage Facilities. Process memorandum to file. Phoenix, Arizona: SWCA Environmental Consultants. July 1.

Garrett, C. 2019c. Receipt of Water Quality Modeling Results in Native Format. Process memorandum to file. Phoenix, Arizona: SWCA Environmental Consultants. April 27.

Garrett, C. 2019d. Review of Hydrologic Trends in Devil’s Canyon and on Oak Flat. SWCA Project No. 030951.04. Technical memorandum. Phoenix, Arizona: SWCA Environmental Consultants. January 3.

Garza-Cruz, T., and M. Pierce. 2017. Assessment of Surface Subsidence Associated with Caving, Resolution Copper Mine Plan of Operations. Prepared for Resolution Copper Company. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Itasca Consulting Group and Pierce Engineering. July 17.

Garza-Cruz, T., and M. Pierce. 2018. Subsidence Impact Analysis - Sensitivity Study: Addendum to Itasca Report "Assessment of Surface Subsidence Associated with Caving - Resolution Copper Mine Plan of Operations". Prepared for Resolution Copper Company. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Itasca Consulting Group and Pierce Engineering. April 6.

Gauthreraux Jr., S.A., and C.G. Belser. 2006. Effects of artificial night lighting on migrating birds. In Ecological Consequences of Artificial Night Lighting, edited by C. Rich and T. Longcore, pp. 67-93. Washington D.C.: Island Press.

Gibowicz, S.J., and A. Kijko. 1994. An Introduction to Mining Seismology. San Diego, California: Academic Press Inc.

Gibowicz, S.J., and S. Lasocki. 2001. Seismicity induced by mining: Ten years later. Advances in Geophysics 44:39-181.

Gila County Assessor's Office. 2017. Gila County Arizona data. Globe, Arizona: Gila County. August 13.

Golder Associates Inc. 2011. Site Characterization Report for the West Plant Site, Superior, Arizona. Project No. 073-92519-02. Redmond, Washington: Golder Associates Inc. December.

Golder Associates Inc. 2017. Near West TSF Geotechnical Field Investigation Summary Report. Project No: 1531436. Tucson, Arizona: Golder Associates Inc. October 25.

Golder Associates Inc. 2018a. Draft EIS Design: Peg Leg Site Alternative 5. CCC.03-26000-EB-REP-00003. Lakewood, Colorado: Golder Associates Inc. June 20.

Golder Associates Inc. 2018b. Peg Leg Pipeline Corridor DEIS Report. Tucson, Arizona: Golders Associates Inc. July 2.

Golder Associates Ltd. 2015. Mount Polley Mining Corporation, Post-Event Impact Assessment Report - Key Findings Report. Vancouver, Canada: Golder Associates Ltd. June 5.

Golos, P.J., and K.W. Dixon. 2014. Waterproofing topsoil stockpiles minimizes viability decline in the soil seed bank in an arid environment. Restoration Ecology 22(4):495-501.

Goodquarry. 2011. Dust impacts: Ecology and agriculture. Available at: [Link Outdated]. Accessed May 3, 2011.
Webpage no longer available - see Goodquarry.

Gregory, C., and T. Bayley. 2018a. Estimated Preliminary Allowable Seepage from TSF Alternative Sites for Comparative Analysis. Project #: 605.1602. Technical memorandum. Tucson, Arizona: Montogomery and Associates Inc. December 21.

Gregory, C., and T. Bayley. 2018b. TSF Alternative 4 - Silver King: Life of Mine and Post-Closure Seepage Transport Modeling. Project #: 605.8401. Technical memorandum. Tucson, Arizona: Montgomery and Associates Inc. September 14.

Gregory, C., and T. Bayley. 2018c. TSF Alternative 5 - Peg Leg: Life of Mine and Post-Closure Seepage Transport Modeling. Project #: 605.8302. Technical memorandum. Tucson, Arizona: Montgomery and Associates Inc. September 14.

Gregory, C., and T. Bayley. 2018d. TSF Alternative 6 - Skunk Camp: Life of Mine and Post-Closure Seepage Transport Modeling. Project #: 605.8501. Technical memorandum. Tucson, Arizona: Montgomery and Associates Inc. September 14.

Gregory, C., and T. Bayley. 2018e. TSF Alternatives 2 and 3 - Near West: Life of Mine and Post-Closure Seepage Transport Modeling. Project #: 605.8207. Technical memorandum. Tucson, Arizona: Montgomery and Associates Inc. December 21.

Gregory, C., and T. Bayley. 2019. Results of Updated Seepage Transport Models Incorporating Additional Seepage Controls for TSF Alternative Sites. Project #: 605.1604. Technical memorandum. Tucson, Arizona: Montgomery and Associates Inc. February 6.

GRID-Arendal. 2017. Mine tailings storage: Safety is no accident. A rapid response. United Nations Environment Programme. Available at: Download Mine Tailings Storage: Safety is No Accident PDF. Accessed December 26, 2018.

Groenendyk, D., and T. Bayley. 2018a. Alternatives 2 and 3 Steady-State Modeling - December 17. Project #: 605.8206. Technical memorandum. Tucson, Arizona: Montgomery and Associates Inc.

Groenendyk, D., and T. Bayley. 2018b. Alternatives 2 and 3 Steady-State Modeling - July 25. Project #: 605.8206. Technical memorandum. Tucson, Arizona: Montgomery and Associates Inc.

Groenendyk, D., and T. Bayley. 2019. Revised Near West TSF Alternatives 2 and 3 Steady-State Modeling Incorporating Additional Seepage Collection Measures. Project #: 605.1604. Technical memorandum. Tucson, Arizona: Montgomery and Associates Inc. January 25.

Gruner, E. 2017. A Cultural Resources Inventory of 3,125 Acres of Private Land Along the Lower San Pedro River Near Mammoth, Pinal County, Arizona: Resolution Copper. Cultural Resources Report 2016-56. Project Number: 807.104. Tucson, Arizona: WestLand Resources Inc. April 11.

Haff, P.K., and B.T. Werner. 1996. Dynamical processes on desert pavements and the healing of suficial disturbances. Quaternary Research 45(4):38-46.

Hart, W. 2016. Appendix 1: Geological Map Compiled for the Project Area at 1: 15,000 scale (W. Hart, Resolution Copper, 2016). In Summary of Geological Information Relevant to Development of the Porphyry Cu-Mo Resolution Deposit, Arizona. The Hague, the Netherlands: 4D Geo Applied Structural Geology.

Hatch. 2016. Appendix Q: Final Draft Report: Prediction of Block Cave Water Chemistry. In General Plan of Operations, Resolution Copper Mining. Scottsdale, Arizona: Hatch. January 8.

Havaux, M. 1992. Stress tolerance of Photosystem II in vivo: Antagonistic effects of water, heat, and photoinhibition stresses. Plant Physiology 100:424–432.

Hehnke, C., G. Ballantyne, H. Martin, W. Hart, A. Schwarz, and H. Stein. 2012. Geology and exploration progress at the Resolution porphyry Cu-Mo deposit, Arizona. Society of Economic Geologists, Inc.(Special Publication 16):147-166.

HintonBurdick CPAs and Advisors. 2017. Town of Superior, Arizona: Annual Financial Statements and Independent Auditors' Report, Year Ended June 30, 2016. Prepared for the Town of Superior. Flagstaff, Arizona: HintonBurdick CPAs and Advisors. March 28.

Hoekstra, G. 2014. Imperial Metals pegs Mount Polley cleanup cost at $67 million. Vancouver Sun, 17 November. Vancouver, Canada.

Hooper, J.M.D. 2014. Resolution Project: A Cultural Resources Inventory of Baseline Hydrologic and Geotechnical Data-Gathering Sites and Access Roads in the Foothills of the Superstition Mountains, Northwest of Superior, Arizona. Cultural Resources Report 2013-48. Project No. 807.90 02 02-520. Tucson, Arizona: WestLand Resources, Inc. April 30.

Hooper, J.M.D., and G.L. Tinseth. 2015. Resolution Project: A Cultural Resources Inventory of 4,890 Acres in the Foothills of the Supersition Mountains, Northwest of Superior, Arizona. Cultural Resources Report 2014-29. Project No. 807.91 0500 0550. Tucson, Arizona: WestLand Resources, Inc. June 8.

Hopkins, M.P., C. Colwell, T.J. Ferguson, and S.L. Hedquist. 2015. Ethnographic and Ethnohistoric Study of the Superior Area, Arizona. Prepared for Tonto National Forest and Resolution Copper. Tucson, Arizona: Anthropological Research LLC. September 14.

Huddle, J.W., and E. Dobrovolny. 1952. Devonian and Mississippian Rocks of Central Arizona. Geological Survey Professional Paper 233 - D. Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office.

Hudson, A.L. 2018. Fate of Mill Reagents of Resolution Coper Mineral Processing. Blacksburg, Virginia: Tetra Tech Inc. October 11.

Humphrey, R.R. 1974. Fire in the Deserts and Desert Grasslands of North America. In Fire and Ecosystems, edited by T.T. Kozlowski and C.E. Ahlgren. New York: Academic Press.

hydroGEOPHYSICS Inc. 2017. Geophysical Characterization of the Peg Leg Site, Resolution Mine, AZ. RPT-2017-049, Revision 0. Tucson, Arizona: hydroGEOPHYSICS Inc. November.

Interagency Fuels Treatment Decision Support System. 2018. Welcome to IFTDSS: The Planning Cycle. Available at: The Planning Cycle. Accessed December 14, 2018.

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 2013. Summary for Policymakers. In Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by T.F. Stocker, D. Qin, G.-K. Plattenr, M.M.B. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex, and P.M. Midgely. Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, New York: Cambridge University Press.

International Council on Mining and Metals. 2016. Position statement on preventing catastrophic failure of tailings storage facilities. Available at: Download Tailings Governance Framework PDF. Accessed December 22, 2018.

International Council on Mining and Metals. 2019a. ICMM's work on tailings. International Technical Seminar: Tailings Dams and the Future of Mining in Minas Gerais State. Coverage of the Brumadinho incident, presentation by ICMM CEO Tom Butler, dated April 17. Available at: Download Tailing Dams and the Future of Mining in Minas Gerais State PDF. Accessed June 17, 2019.

International Council on Mining and Metals. 2019b. ICMM commits to create an international standard for tailings dams. Press release. February 26. Available at: ICMM Commits to Create an International Standard for Tailings Dams. Accessed June 15, 2019.

International Council on Mining and Metals. 2019c. ICMM, UN Environment Programme and Principals for Responsible Investment agree to co-convene mine tailings storage facilities review. Available at: ICMM, UN Environment Programme and Principles and Responsible Investment. Accessed June 17, 2019.

International Network for Acid Prevention. 2018. Global Acid Rock Drainage Guide (GARD Guide). Available at: Global Acid Rock Drainage Guide. Accessed January 1, 2019.

Jeavons, D. 2018. Summary of meeting with Superior Town Manager Todd Pryor. Memorandum. Denver, Colorado: BBC Research and Consulting. May 17.

Karabin Jr., M. 1996. The Rock Jock's Guide to Queen Creek Canyon, Superior, Arizona. Phoenix, Arizona: MK Productions.

Keay, T. 2018. Locations of historical pumping. Personal communication from Todd Keay, Montgomery and Associates, to Chris Garrett, SWCA Environmental Consultants. Clarification requested regarding DEIS. Email dated December 12, 2018.

Kidner, L., and J. Pilz. 2019. Resolution Copper Mining - Alternative 5: Peg Leg Water Balance - Additional BADCT Technologies to Reduce Seepage. Project No. 1788500.002 TM02 Rev1. Technical memorandum. Lakewood, Colorado: Golder Associates Inc. January 28.

King, A.M., and A. Buckles. 2015. A Revised Cultural Resources Inventory of the Magma Arizona Railroad Right-of-Way, Pinal County, Arizona. Cultural Resources Report 2015-25. ASM Accession No. 2015-0268. Project No. 807.44/807.100. Tucson, Arizona: WestLand Resources, Inc. June 24.

Klein, E., M. Gilbert, S. Lisius, R. Richards, M. Ross, C. Woods, B. Calamusso, D. Pollock, and J. Spencer. 2005. Tonto National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan: Management Indicator Species Status Report. Version 2.0. Revised. Originally prepared in 2002 U.S. Forest Service. July 15.

Klohn Crippen Berger Ltd. 2016. Resolution Copper Project: Near West Tailings Storage Facility Closure Cover Study. Vancouver, Canada: Klohn Crippen Berger Ltd. March.

Klohn Crippen Berger Ltd. 2017. Resolution Copper Project: Near West Tailings Storage Facility, Geotechnical Site Characterization Report. 4 vols. Vancouver, Canada: Klohn Crippen Berger Ltd. October 20.

Klohn Crippen Berger Ltd. 2018a. Resolution Copper Project: DEIS Design for Alternative 3A Near West Modified Proposed Action (Modified Centerline Embankment - "wet"). Doc. # CCC.03-26000-EX-REP-00002 - Rev.0. Vancouver, Canada: Klohn Crippen Berger Ltd. June 8.

Klohn Crippen Berger Ltd. 2018b. Resolution Copper Project: DEIS Design for Alternative 3B Near West Modified Proposed Action (High-density Thickened NPAG Scavenger and Segregated PAG Pyrite Cell). Doc. # CCC.03-26000-EX-REP-00005 - Rev.0. Vancouver, Canada: Klohn Crippen Berger Ltd. June 8.

Klohn Crippen Berger Ltd. 2018c. Resolution Copper Project: DEIS Design for Alternative 4 - Silver King Filtered. Doc. # CCC.03-26000-EX-REP-00006 - Rev.0. Vancouver, Canada: Klohn Crippen Berger Ltd. June 4.

Klohn Crippen Berger Ltd. 2018d. Resolution Copper Project: DEIS Design for Alternative 6 - Skunk Camp. Doc. # CCC.03-81600-EX-REP-00006 - Rev.1. Vancouver, Canada: Klohn Crippen Berger Ltd. August 8.

Klohn Crippen Berger Ltd. 2018e. Resolution Copper Project: DEIS Design for Alternative 8 - Skunk Camp. Doc. # CCC.03-81600-EX-REP-00006 - Rev.0. Vancouver, Canada: Klohn Crippen Berger Ltd. June 12.

Klohn Crippen Berger Ltd. 2019a. Resolution Copper Project DEIS Alternatives Failure Modes. Doc. # CCC.03-81600-EX-REP-00011 - Rev.0. Vancouver, Canada: Klohn Crippen Berger Ltd. January.

Klohn Crippen Berger Ltd. 2019b. Resolution Copper Project: DEIS Alternative 4 Silver King Filtered - Uncaptured Seepage. Doc. # CCC.03-81600-EX-REP-00010 - Rev.1. Vancouver, Canada: Klohn Crippen Berger Ltd. January 23.

Klohn Crippen Berger Ltd. 2019c. Resolution Copper Project: DEIS Design for Alternative 6 Skunk Camp, Appendix IV Seepage Estimate Amendment. Doc. # CCC.03-81600-EX-REP-0006 Rev.2. Vancouver, Canada: Klohn Crippen Berger Ltd. January 30.

Klohn Crippen Berger Ltd. 2019d. Resolution Copper Project: Summary of DEIS Tailings Alternatives Seepage Control Levels. Doc. # CCC.03-81600-EX-LTR-00001 - Rev.0. Vancouver, Canada: Klohn Crippen Berger Ltd. February 22.

Kloppenburg, A. 2017. Summary of Geological Information Relevant to Development of the Porphyry Cu-Mo Resolution Deposit, Arizona. Prepared for Resolution Copper. The Hague, Netherlands: 4D Geo - Applied Structural Geology. May.

Knauer, H., S. Pederson, C.N. Reherman, J.L. Rochat, E.S. Thalheimer, M.C. Lau, G.G. Fleming, M. Ferroni, and C. Corbisier. 2006. FHWA Highway Construction Noise Handbook. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration; Boston, Massachusetts: Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade and Douglas; Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: Environmental Acoustics Inc.; Etobicoke, Canada: Catseye Services. August.

Larrauri, P.C., and U. Lall. 2018. Tailings dam failures: Updated statistical model for discharge volume and runout. Environments 5(28).

Lathrop, E.W., and E.F. Archbold. 1980. Plant response to utility right of way construction in the Mojave Desert. Environmental Management 4(3):215--226.

Lavoie, J. 2017. Who's paying for the clean up of the worst mining spill in Canadian History? The Tyee, 31 March. Vancouver, Canada.

Lawson, H. 2012. Rosemont Reclamation Treatments. Memorandum to file. Document No. 069/12. Tucson, Arizona: Rosemont Copper Company. July 18.

Lawson, H.M. 2011. Grassland Revegetation for Mine Reclamation in Southeast Arizona. M.S. thesis, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson.

Lehman, T. 2017. USGS Regression Equation Computations for Queen Creek and Devil's Canyon. Memorandum. Tempe, Arizona: JE Fuller. October 2.

Lehman, T. 2018. USGS Regressions Equation Computation Updates for Queen Creek, Devil's Canyon, Dripping Springs Wash (Skunk Camp), and Donnelly Wash area (Peg Leg). Memorandum. Tempe, Arizona: JE Fuller. August 30.

Levick, L.R., D.C. Goodrich, M. Fernandez, J. Fonseca, D.J. Semmens, J. Stromberg, M. Tluczek, R.A. Leidy, M. Scianni, D.P. Guertin, and W.G. Kepner. 2008. The Ecological and Hydrological Significance of Ephemeral and Intermittent Streams in the Arid and Semi-arid American Southwest. EPA/600/R-08/134; ARS/233046. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Agricultural Research Service Southwest Watershed Research Center.

Lindeman, M. 2003. Cultural Resources Survey of a Hydrologic Test Site East of Superior, Pinal County, Arizona. Project Report No. 03-218. Project No. 03-160. Tucson, Arizona: Desert Archaeology, Inc. December 19.

Lindeman, M.W., and G.J. Whitney. 2005. The Resolution Project: Results of an Archaeological Survey in Pinal County, Arizona. Technical Report No. 2003-10. Tucson, Arizona: Desert Archaeology, Inc. September.

Logan Simpson. 2007. Pinal County Open Space and Trails Master Plan. Tempe, Arizona: Logan Simpson Design Inc. October 31.

Logan Simpson. 2009. Scoping Report US 60 Superior to Globe: MP 222.6 to MP 258.0. Federal Aid No. STP-060-D(AAL). ADOT Project No. 060 GI 222 H7162 01L. Prepared for Arizona Department of Transportation. Tempe, Arizona: Logan Simpson Design Inc. December.

Logan Simpson. 2018. Pinal County Community Wildfire Protection Plan. Tempe, Arizona: Logan Simpson. June.

Louis Berger Group Inc. 2013. Queen Creek TMDL Modeling Report. Prepared for Arizona Department of Environmental Quality. Washington, DC: Louis Berger Group Inc. January.

Lovich, J.E., and D. Bainbridge. 1999. Anthropogenic degradation of the Southern California desert ecosystem and prospects for natural recovery and restoration. Environmental Management 24(3):309-326.

Ludington, S., B.C. Moring, R.J. Miller, P.A. Stone, A.A. Bookstrom, D.R. Bedford, J.G. Evans, G.A. Haxel, C.J. Nutt, K.S. Flyn, and M.J. Hopkins. 2007. Preliminary integrated geologic map databases for the United States. Western States: California, Nevada, Arizona, Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and Utah. Version 1.3. USGS Open-File Report (2005-1305). Available at: Preliminary integrated geologic map databases for the United States. Accessed January 5, 2019.

M3 Engineering and Technology Corporation. 2018. Outdoor Lighting and Pinal County Outdoor Lighting Code. M3-PN140023.605. Revision 3. Technical Memo. Chandler, Arizona: M3 Engineering. July 23.

M3 Engineering and Technology Corporation. 2019. Resolution Copper Project: Concentrate Pipeline Corridor Management Plan, Superior, Arizona. Revision 4. Project No. M3-PN140023.603. Chandler, Arizona: M3 Engineering and Technology Corporation. May 2.

Maptek. 2011. Laser Scanning Report: Apache Leap Monitoring. Lakewood, Colorado: Maptek Pty Ltd. September 27.

Maptek. 2012. Laser Scanning Report: Apache Leap Monitoring. Lakewood, Colorado: Maptek Pty Ltd. March 8.

Maptek. 2014a. Change Detection Report: Apache Leap, Resolution Copper, Superior, AZ - June 12. Lakewood, Colorado: Maptek Pty Ltd.

Maptek. 2014b. Change Detection Report: Apache Leap, Resolution Copper, Superior, AZ - November 18. Lakewood, Colorado: Maptek Pty Ltd.

Maptek. 2015. Change Detection Report: Apache Leap, Resolution Copper, Superior, AZ. Lakewood, Colorado: Maptek Pty Ltd. November 24.

Maptek. 2016. Change Detection Report: Apache Leap, Resolution Copper, Superior, AZ. Lakewood, Colorado: Maptek Pty Ltd. May 16.

Maptek. 2017. Change Detection Report: Apache Leap, Resolution Copper, Superior, AZ. Lakewood, Colorado: Maptek Pty Ltd. January 17.

Maricopa County. 2017. Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, Maricopa County, Arizona: Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2016. Phoenix, Arizona: Maricopa County Department of Finance. February 28.

Maricopa County Flood Control District. 2018. Whitlow Ranch Dam - ID # 6739. Available at: Whitlow Ranch Dam. Accessed December 22, 2018.

Marshall, K.A. 1995. Larrea tridentata. In Fire Effects Information System. U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory. Available at: Index of Species Information. Accessed September 10, 2018.

McLaughlin, S.P., and J.E. Bowers. 1982. Effects of wildfire on a Sonoran Desert plant community. Ecology 63(1):246-248.

McLaughlin, S.P., E.L. Geiger, and J.E. Bowers. 2001. Flora of the Appleton-Whittell Research Ranch, northeastern Santa Cruz County, Arizona. Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science 33(2):113-131.

Melillo, J.M., T. Richmond, and G.W. Yohe (eds.). 2014. Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Global Change Research Program. October.

Meza-Cuadra, G., C. Pantano, and D. Oliver. 2018a. Resolution Copper Groundwater Flow Model - Predicted Flows to Block Cave. Memorandum. Greenwood Village, Colorado: WSP. September 28.

Meza-Cuadra, G., C. Pantano, and D. Oliver. 2018b. Resolution Copper Groundwater Flow Model - Predictive Results. Greenwood Village, Colorado: WSP. October 31.

Meza-Cuadra, G., C. Pantano, and D. Oliver. 2018c. Resolution Copper Groundwater Flow Model - Sensitivity Analysis. Greenwood Village, Colorado: WSP. November 19.

Milczarek, M.A., F.M. Steward, W.B. Word, M.M. Buchanan, and J.M. Keller. 2011. Final results for the Morenci tailings experimental reclamation plots. Paper presented at the Conference: VI International Seminar on Mine Closure, Lake Louise, Canada.

Mining and Mineral Resources Division. 2015. Mount Polley Mine Tailings Storage Facility Breach: August 4, 2014. Investigation Report of the Chief Inspector of Mines. Victoria, Canada: Mining and Mineral Resources Division, Ministry of Energy and Mines, British Columbia. November 30.

Mining Association of Canada. 2017. A Guide to the Management of Tailings Facilities. Third edition. Ottawa, Canada: Mining Association of Canada. October.

Mining Association of Canada. 2019. A Guide to the Management of Tailings Facilities. Version 3.1. Ottawa, Canada: Mining Association of Canada. February.

Ministry of Energy and Mines. 2017. Health, Safety and Reclamation Code for Mines in British Columbia. Rev. Victoria, Canada: Ministry of Energy and Mines, British Columbia. June.

Minnesota Forest Resources Council. 1999. Forest Soil Productivity. In Sustaining Minnesota Forest Resources: Voluntary Site-Level Forest Management Guidelines for Landowners, Loggers and Resource Managers. St. Paul: Minnesota Forest Resources Council. February.

Minnesota IMPLAN Group Inc. 2016. IMPLAN Model Economic Overview for Zip Code 85173.

Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory. 2012. Information from LANDFIRE on fire regimes of Sonoran desert shrublands. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. Available at: Fire Regimes of Sonoran Desert Shrublands. Accessed September 27, 2018.

Mitchell, C., and G.W. Sutte. 2015. Sole-Source Lighting for Controlled-Environment Agriculture. Available at: Sole-Source Lighting for Controlled-Environment Agriculture. Accessed June 4, 2019.

Montgomery and Associates Inc. 2012. Results of Hydrochemical Characterization of Groundwater Upper Queen Creek/Devils Canyon Study Area: Resolution Copper Mining LLC, Pinal County, AZ. Prepared for Resolution Copper. Tucson, Arizona: Montgomery and Associates Inc. March 15.

Montgomery and Associates Inc. 2013. Surface Water Baseline Report: Devils Canyon, Mineral Creek and Queen Creek Watersheds, Resolution Copper Mining LLC, Pinal County, Arizona. Prepared for Resolution Copper. Tucson, Arizona: Montgomery and Associates Inc. May 16.

Montgomery and Associates Inc. 2016. Hydrochemistry Addendum Groundwater and Surface Water, Upper Queen Creek/Devils Canyon Study Area. Prepared for Resolution Copper. Tucson, Arizona: Montgomery and Associates Inc. August 11.

Montgomery and Associates Inc. 2017a. 2017 Oak Flat Surface Water Monitoring Program, Pinal County, Arizona. Prepared for Resolution Copper. Tucson, Arizona: Montgomery and Associates Inc. November 13.

Montgomery and Associates Inc. 2017b. Analysis of Groundwater Level Trends, Upper Queen Creek/Devils Canyon Study Area: Resolution Copper Mining LLC, Pinal County, Arizona. Prepared for Resolution Copper. Tucson, Arizona: Montgomery and Associates Inc. February 2.

Montgomery and Associates Inc. 2017c. Construction, Development, and Testing of Hydrologic Test Wells at the Near West Tailings Site: Resolution Copper, Pinal County, Arizona. Prepared for Resolution Copper. Tucson, Arizona: Montgomery and Associates Inc. October 18.

Montgomery and Associates Inc. 2017d. Surface Water Baseline Addendum: Upper Queen Creek, Devils Canyon, and Mineral Creek Watersheds. Prepared for Resolution Copper. Tucson, Arizona: Montgomery and Associates Inc. January 26.

Montgomery and Associates Inc. 2018. System-wide Hydrologic Water Flow Budget: Resolution Copper, Pinal County, Arizona. Tucson, Arizona: Montgomery and Associates Inc. June 6.

Montgomery and Associates Inc. 2019. Monitoring and Mitigation Plan for Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems and Water Wells. Tucson, Arizona: Montgomery and Associates Inc. April 12.

Montgomery and Associates Inc., and Resolution Copper. 2016. Hydrograph Set for Current Hydrogeologic Monitoring Network, Resolution Copper Mining, LLC, Superior, Arizona. Tucson, Arizona: Montgomery and Associates Inc.; Superior, Arizona: Resolution Copper. July 11.

Morey, D. 2018a. Resolution Biology Working Group Meeting. Phoenix, Arizona: SWCA Environmental Consultants. August 27.

Morey, D. 2018b. Resolution Geology Working Group Meeting. Phoenix, Arizona: SWCA Environmental Consultants. June 12.

Morey, D. 2018c. Resolution Groundwater WG #8 Meeting. Phoenix, Arizona: SWCA Environmental Consultants. May 15.

Morey, D., and M. Ritter. 2016. Key Personnel Selection for Resolution Copper Project and Land Exchange Environmental Impact Statement. Process memorandum to file. Phoenix, Arizona: SWCA Environmental Consultants. December 22.

Morganstern, N.R. 2018. Geotechnical risk, regulation and public policy. Soils and Rocks 41(2):107-129.

MWH Americas Inc. 2013. Appendix G: Geochemical Characterization Data Summary Report. In General Plan of Operations, Resolution Copper Mining. Fort Collins, Colorado: MWH Americas Inc. August.

MWH Americas Inc. 2014. Final Resolution Copper Tailings Geochemical Characterization Data Summary Report. Steamboat Springs, Colorado: MWH Americas Inc. March.

National Academy of Sciences. 2013. Induced Seismicity Potential in Energy Technologies. Washington D.C.: National Academies Press.

National Agricultural Statistics Service. 2014. 2012 Census of Agriculture: American Indian Reservations. AC-12-S-5. Volume 2. National Agricultural Statistics Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. August 29.

National Park Service. 1997. How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation. National Register Bulletin. Washington D.C.: National Park Service. Originally published 1990. Revised 1991, 1995, 1997.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2017. Web Soil Survey. Available at: Web Soil Survey. Accessed January 2, 2019.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2018a. The Plants Database. U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Plant Data Team. Available at: PLANTS Database. Accessed January 28, 2019.

Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2018b. Title 430 -VI - National Soil Survey Handbook, Part 618 - Soil Properties and Qualities, Subpart A - General Information. Available at: Download Soil Survey Handbook PDF. Accessed January 2, 2019.

Nature Conservancy. 2016. 7B Ranch Management Plan. Rev. Prepared for Resolution Copper. Nature Conservancy. October.

NatureServe. 2018. NatureServe Explorer: an Online Encyclopedia of Life. Available at: NatureServe Explorer. Accessed January 9, 2018.

Newell, E. 2018a. Cultural Resources Analysis: Assumptions, Methodology Used, and Relevant Regulations, Laws, and Guidance, and Key Documents. Process memorandum to file. Phoenix, Arizona: SWCA Environmental Consultants. August 6.

Newell, E. 2018b. Environmental Justice Resource Analysis: Assumptions, Methodology Used and Relevant Regulations, Laws, and Guidance, and Key Documents. Process memorandum to file. Phoenix, Arizona: SWCA Environmental Consultants. August 6.

Newell, E. 2018c. Livestock and Grazing Resource Analysis: Assumptions, Methodology Used and Relevant Regulations, Laws, and Guidance and Key Documents. Process memorandum to file. Phoenix, Arizona: SWCA Environmental Consultants. August 6.

Newell, E. 2018d. Noise and Vibration Resource Analysis: Assumptions, Methodology Used and Relevant Regulations, Laws, and Guidance, and Key Documents. Process memorandum to file. Phoenix, Arizona: SWCA Environmental Consultants. August 6.

Newell, E. 2018e. Recreation Resource Analysis: Assumptions, Methodology Used and Relevant Laws, Guidance, and Key Documents. Process memorandum to file. Phoenix, Arizona: SWCA Environmental Consultants. August 6.

Newell, E. 2018f. Socioeconomics Resource Analysis: Assumptions, Methodology Used and Relevant Regulations, Laws, and Guidance, and Key Documents. Process memorandum to file. Phoenix, Arizona: SWCA Environmental Consultants. August 6.

Newell, E. 2018g. Soils and Vegetation Resource Analysis: Assumptions, Methodology Used, Relevant Regulations, Laws, and Guidance, and Key Documents. Process memorandum to file. Phoenix, Arizona: SWCA Environmental Consultants. August 6.

Newell, E. 2018h. Transportation and Access Resource Analysis: Assumptions, Methodology Used and Relevant Regulations, Laws, and Guidance, and Key Documents. Process memorandum to file. Phoenix, Arizona: SWCA Environmental Consultants. August 6.

Newell, E. 2018i. Tribal Values and Concerns Resource Analysis: Assumptions, Methodology Used and Relevant Laws, and Guidance, and Key Documents. Process memorandum to file. Phoenix, Arizona: SWCA Environmental Consultants. August 6.

Newell, E. 2018j. Wildlife Resource Analysis: Assumptions, Methodology Used and Relevant Regulations, Laws, and Guidance, and Key Documents. Process memorandum to file. Phoenix, Arizona: SWCA Environmental Consultants. August 6.

Newell, E. 2018k. Screening of Geochemistry Predictions for Effects on Wildlife. Process memorandum to file. Phoenix, Arizona: SWCA Environmental Consultants. December 11.

Newell, E., and C. Garrett. 2018a. Geology, Minerals, and Subsidence Resource Analysis: Assumptions, Methodology Used, Relevant Regulations, Laws, and Guidance, and Key Documents. Process memorandum to file. Phoenix, Arizona: SWCA Environmental Consultants. August 6.

Newell, E., and C. Garrett. 2018b. Public Health and Safety Resource Analysis: Assumptions, Methodology Used, Relevant Regulations, Laws, and Guidance, and Key Documents. Process memorandum to file. Phoenix, Arizona: SWCA Environmental Consultants. August 6.

Newell, E., and C. Garrett. 2018d. Water Resource Analysis: Assumptions, Methodology Used, Relevant Regulations, Laws, and Guidance, and Key Documents. Process memorandum to file. Phoenix, Arizona: SWCA Environmental Consultants. August 6.

Newell, E., C. Garrett, and B. Sohm. 2018. Air Quality Resource Analysis: Assumptions, Methodology Used, Relevant Regulations, Laws, and Guidance, and Key Documents. Process memorandum to file. Phoenix, Arizona: SWCA Environmental Consultants. August 6.

Newell, E., and J. Grams. 2018. Scenic Resources Analysis: Assumptions, Methodology Used and Relevant Regulations, Laws, and Guidance, and Key Documents. Process memorandum to file. Phoenix, Arizona: SWCA Environmental Consultants. August 6.

Nez, N. 2014. Tonto National Forest's Nomination of Chi'chil Bildagoteel, commonly known as Oak Flat and Apache Leap, to the National Register of Historic Places as an Apache Traditional Cultural Property. Briefing paper. Phoenix, Arizona: Tonto National Forest. October 31.

Nez, N. 2016. Chí’chil Biłdagoteel Historic District, Traditional Cultural Property, National Register of Historic Places. NPS Form 10-900. Phoenix, Arizona: U.S. Forest Service, Tonto National Forest.

Nicholls, H.R., C.F. Johnson, and W.I. Duvall. 1971. Blasting Vibrations and Their Effects on Structures. Bulletin 656. U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines.

Nightingale, B., T. Longcore, and C.A. Simenstad. 2006. Artificial night lighting and fishes. In Ecological Consequences of Artificial Night Lighting, edited by C. Rich and T. Longcore. Washington, D.C.: Island Press.

NoiseQuest. 2011. What does noise affect? Available at: [Link Outdated] Accessed May 10, 2013.
Webpage no longer available - see PSU Noisequest.

Oliver, D. 2017. Climbing Resources Inventory. Project Number: 31400706. Technical memorandum. Denver, Colorado: WSP Parsons Brinckerhoff. April 14.

Parker, P.L., and T.F. King. 1998. Guidelines for Evaluating and Documenting Traditional Cultural Properties. National Register Bulletin 38. Originally published 1990 (revised 1992), U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Washington, D.C.

Pater, L.L., T.G. Grubb, and D.K. Delaney. 2009. Recommendations for improved assessment of noise impacts on wildlife. Journal of Wildlife Management 73(5):788-795.

Paton, P.W.C. 1994. The effect of edge on avian nest success: How strong is the evidence? Conservation Biology 8(1):17-26.

Pearthree, P.A. 1998. Quaternary Fault Data and Map for Arizona. Open-File Report 98-24. Tucson, Arizona: Arizona Geological Survey.

Pearthree, P.A., K.R. Vincent, R. Brazier, L.D. Fellows, R.G. Davis, and O.K. Davis. 1995. Seismic Hazard Posed by the Sugarloaf Fault, Central Arizona. Open-File Report 95-7. Tucson, Arizona: Arizona Geological Survey. September.

Periman, R., and E. Grinspoon. 2014. Striving for Inclusion: Addressing Environmental Justice under the 2012 Planning Rule. Washington D.C.: U.S. Forest Service. June.

Perkl, R.M. 2013. Arizona Landscape Integrity and Wildlife Connectivity Assessment. Prepared for Arizona Game and Fish Department Statewide Connectivity Team. Tucson: The University of Arizona. January 1.

Perry, G., and R.N. Fisher. 2006. Night lights and reptiles: Observed and potential effects. In Ecological Consequences of Artificial Night Lighting, edited by C. Rich and T. Longcore, pp. 169-191. Washington, D.C.: Island Press.

Peterson, F.F. 1981. Landforms of the Basin and Range Province: Defined for Soil Survey. Technical Bulletin 28. Reno, Nevada: University of Nevada, Reno. January.

Pilz, J. 2019. Alternative 5 - Impacts to Public Safety. Project No. 1788500.002 TM01 Rev0. Technical memorandum. Salt Lake City, Utah: Golder Associates Inc. January 11.

Pinal County. 2016. Pinal County, Arizona: Comprehensive Annual Financial Report for the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2015. Florence, Arizona: Pinal County Finance Department. June 24.

Pinal County Assessor's Office. 2017. Pinal County Arizona parcel data. Florence, Arizona: Pinal County. August 22.

Porter, M., G. Ferris, M. Leir, M. Leach, and M. Haderspock. 2016. Updated estimates of frequencies of pipeline failures caused by geohazards. Paper presented at the 11th International Pipeline Conference, Calgary, Canada.

Prasciunas, M.M., and S. Chamorro. 2012. A Cultural Resources Inventory For 18 Stations For a Magnetotelluric Geophysical Survey on Arizona State Land Near Superior, Pinal County, Arizona. Arizona State Land Department Exploration Permit Numbers 08-115476, 08-115474, and 08-115475. Cultural Resources Report 2012-13. Project No. 0807.40 A 500A. Tucson, Arizona: WestLand Resources, Inc. October 11.

Prose, D.V., S.K. Metzger, and H.G. Wilshire. 1987. Effects of substrate disturbance on secondary plan succession: Mojave Desert, California. Journal of Applied Ecology 24(1):305-313.

Pye, W.D. 1959. Silurian and Devonian stratigraphy, southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico. In Southern Arizona Guidebook II, edited by L.A. Heindl, pp. 25-30. Tucson: Arizona Geological Sociey.

Quagliata, A., M. Ahearn, E. Boeker, C. Roof, L. Meister, and H. Singleton. 2018. Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Analysis Manual. FTA Report No. 0123. Washington D.C.: Federal Transit Administration; East Longmeadow, Massachusetts, Cross Spectrum Acoustics. September.

Queen Creek Coalition. 2015. Maximizing rock climbing resources in the Queen Creek region of Arizona. Available at: Queen Creek Coalition. Accessed December 12, 2018.

Reid, A.M. 1966. Stratigraphy and Paleontology of the Naco Formation in the Southern Dripping Spring Mountains, Near Winkelman, Gila County, Arizona. M.S. Thesis, Department of Geology, University of Arizona, Tucson.

Resolution Copper. 2016a. Appendix E: Subsidence Management Plan. In General Plan of Operations, Resolution Copper Mining. Superior, Arizona. May 9.

Resolution Copper. 2016b. Appendix V: Environmental Materials Management Plan. In General Plan of Operations, Resolution Copper Mining. Superior, Arizona. May 9.

Resolution Copper. 2016c. Appendix X: Wildlife Management Plan. In General Plan of Operations, Resolution Copper Mining. Superior, Arizona. May 9.

Resolution Copper. 2016d. General Plan of Operations Resolution Copper Mining. Superior, Arizona. May 9.

Resolution Copper. 2016e. Plan of Operations: Resolution Copper Mining, LLC, Baseline Hydrological and Geotechnical Data Gathering Activities on Tonto National Forest. Superior, Arizona: Resolution Copper. August 24.

Resolution Copper. 2017. Independent Technical Review Board Report No. 1, Rev. 1. Rev. Letter report to Rio Tinto. Superior, Arizona: Resolution Copper. March 8.

Resolution Copper. 2018. Queen Creek climbing registration. Available at: Queen Creek Climbing Registration. Accessed December 20, 2018.

Resolution Copper. 2019. Resolution Copper Project, Noxious Weed and Invasive Species Management Plan on National Forest System Lands. Prepared for Tonto National Forest. Superior, Arizona: Resolution Copper. May.

Richardson, E., and T.H. Jordan. 2002. Seismicity in deep gold mines of South Africa: Implications for tectonic earthquakes. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 92(5):1766-1782.

Rico, M., G. Benito, and A. Díez-Herrero. 2007. Floods from tailings dam failures. Journal of Hazardous Materials 154(2008):79-87.

Rietz, D. 2016a. Summary of Hydrologic, Hydrochemical, and Geochemical Data Received to Date. Process memorandum to file. Phoenix, Arizona: SWCA Environmental Consultants. October 18.

Rietz, D. 2016b. Water Rights and Central Arizona Project Allocations. Process memorandum to file. Phoenix, Arizona: SWCA Environmental Consultants. November 11.

Rigg, J. 2017. Mine Life Phase Durations. Process memorandum to file. Phoenix, Arizona: SWCA Environmental Consultants. November 10.

Rigg, J., and D. Morey. 2018. Determination of Reasonably Foreseeable Actions Considered in Cumulative Effects Analysis. Process memorandum to file. Phoenix, Arizona: SWCA Environmental Consultants. October 17.

Rio Tinto. 2015. D5 - Management of tailings and water storage. Document No: HSEC-B-23 Rio Tinto. August.

Rio Tinto. 2018. Rio Tinto 2017 Annual Report. February 28.

Ritter, M. 2018. Summary of Alternative Water Balances. Process memorandum to file. Phoenix, Arizona: SWCA Environmental Consultants. December 18.

Robinson, A. 2007. Mineral Creek--Big Box Dam Reservoir Survey, April 11-12, 2007. Phoenix: Arizona Game and Fish Department, Research Branch.

Robinson, A., D. Orabutt, and C. Crowder. 2010. Devils Canyon and Mineral Creek Fish Surveys During 2009. Phoenix: Arizona Game and Fish Department. February.

Robson, S.G., and E.R. Banta. 1995. Ground Water Atlas of the United States, Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah. U.S. Geological Survey. HA 730-C. Available at: Ground Water Atlas. Accessed December 31, 2018.

Rodrigues, A. 2018. Blasting Monitoring Review Memorandum. Resolution Copper Underground to Surface Conveyor System. Mississauga, Canada: Wood Environment and Infrastructure Solutions. September 7.

Romero-Lankao, P., J.B. Smith, D.J. Davidson, N.S. Diffenbach, P.L. Kinney, P. Kirshen, P. Kovacs, and L.V. Ruiz. 2014. North America. In Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaption, and Vulnerability. Part B: Regional Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by V.R. Barros, C.B. Field, D.J. Dokken, M.D. Mastrandrea, K.J. Mach, T.E. Bilir, M. Chatterjee, K.L. Ebi, Y.O. Estrada, R.C. Genova, B. Girma, E.S. Kissel, A.N. Levy, S. McCracken, P.R. Mastrandrea, and L.L. White, pp. 1439-1498. New York, New York: Cambridge University Press.

Romig, D., L. Munk, and T. Stein. 2006. Leaf area and root density measurements for use in cover performance evaluations on semi-arid reclaimed mine lands. Paper presented at Seventh International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage, March 26-30, 2006, at St. Louis, Missouri.

Root, E., W. Jones, B. Schwarz, J. Gibbons, and B. Haileab. 2004. Rainwater Chemistry Across the United States.

Rowe, R.K. 2012. Short- and long-term leakage through composite liners. The 7th Arthur Casagrande lecture. Canadian Geotechnical Journal 49(2):141-169.

Rydell, J. 2006. Bats and their insect prey at streetlights. In Ecological Consequences of Artificial Night Lighting, edited by C. Rich and T. Longcore, pp. 43-60. Washington, D.C.: Island Press.

Ryden, R., J.M. Lindly, C. Schmidt, and D.R. Mitchel. 2004. Archaeological Survey of the 560-Acre Silverado Ranch Project Area near Florence Junction, Pinal County, Arizona. SWCA Project No. 8010-031. SWCA Cultural Resources Report No. 04-233. Phoenix, Arizona: SWCA Environmental Consultants. June.

Sadlowski, M.C. 2011. The Effects of Noise on Wildlife. Available at: The Effects of Noise on Wildlife. Accessed December 19, 2018.

Sando, M. 2018. 2018 Annual Operation Instructions (AOI) for your allotment. Letter report. Globe, Arizona: U.S. Forest Service, Globe Ranger District. January 31.

Scher, J.L., D.S. Walters, and A.J. Redford. 2015. Drymaria arenarioides. Federal Noxious Weed Disseminules of the United States. Edition 2.2. California Department of Food and Agriculture, and USDA APHIS Identification Technology Program. Fort Collins, CO. Available at: Drymaria arenarioides. Accessed January 28, 2019.

Schilling, S.P. 2014. Laharz_py: GIS Tools for Automated Mapping of Lahar Inundation Hazard Zones. Open-File Report 2014-1073. Reston, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey.

Schlesinger, W.H., J.A. Raikes, A.E. Hartley, and A.F. Cross. 1996. On the spatial pattern of soil nutrients in desert ecosystems. Ecology 77(2):364-374.

Schwinning, S., D.R. Sandquist, D.M. Miller, D.R. Bedford, S.L. Philips, and J. Belnap. 2010. The influence of stream channels on distributions of Larrea tridenta and Ambrosia dumosa in the Mojave Desert, CA, USA: Patterns, mechanisms and effects of stream redistribution. Ecohydrology(2010).

Scoles-Sciulla, S.J., and L.A. DeFalco. 2009. Seed reserves diluted during surface soil reclamation in Eastern Mojave Desert. Arid Land Research and Management 23(1):1-13.

Scott, J.H., and R.E. Burgan. 2005. Standard Fire Behavior Fuel Models: A Comprehensive Set for Use with Rothermel's Surface Fire Spread Model. General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-153. Fort Collins, Colorado: U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. June.

SEINet. 2018. Welcome to SEINet: Arizona - New Mexico Chapter. Available at: SEINet. Accessed April 11, 2018.

Sharifi, M.R., A.C. Gibson, and P.W. Rundel. 1997. Surface dust impacts on gas exchange in Mojave Desert shrubs. Journal of Applied Ecology 34(4):837-846.

Shin, A. 2019. Forest Plan Consistency Review. Process memorandum to file. Flagstaff, Arizona: SWCA Environmental Consultants. June 3.

Siemers, B.M., and A. Schaub. 2011. Hunting at the highway: Traffic noise reduces foraging efficiency in acoustic predators. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278:1646–1652.

Siskind, D.E., V.J. Stachura, M.S. Stagg, and J.W. Kopp. 1980. Structure Response and Damage Produced by Airblast From Surface Mining. Report of Investigations 8485. U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines.

Slatkin, M. 1987. Gene flow and the geographic structure of natural populations. Science 236:787–236.

Sobek, A., W.A. Schuller, J.R. Freeman, and R.M. Smith. 1978. Field and Laboratory Methods Applicable to Overburden and Mine Soils. EPA-600/2-78-054. Cincinnati, Ohio: Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. March.

Southwest Traffic Engineering. 2016. Traffic Impact Analysis, Resolution Copper Mine, Superior, Arizona. Prepared for Resolution Copper. Phoenix, Arizona: Southwest Traffic Engineering, LLC. July 1.

Southwest Traffic Engineering. 2017. Traffic Impact Analysis, Resolution Copper Mine, Superior, Arizona. Prepared for Resolution Copper. Rev. Phoenix, Arizona: Southwest Traffic Engineering, LLC. July 1.

Southwest Traffic Engineering. 2018. Filter Plant and Tailings Facility Alternatives, Resolution Copper Mine Project. Technical memorandum. Prepared for Resolution Copper. Phoenix, Arizona: Southwest Traffic Engineering, LLC. July 1.

Spencer, J.E., and S.M. Richard. 1995. Geologic Map of the Picketpost Mountain and the Southern Part of the Iron Mountain 7 1/2' Quadrangles, Pinal County, Arizona. Open-File Report 95-15. Tucson: Arizona Geological Survey. September.

Spencer, J.E., S.M. Richard, and P.A. Pearthree. 1996. Geologic Map of the Mesa 30' x 60' Quadrangle, East-Central Arizona. Arizona Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-23. Tucson. September.

Steely, J. 2011. Documentation of the 1911-1971 Magma Copper Company Mine Superior, Pinal County, Arizona. SWCA Project No. 16861. SWCA Cultural Resources Report No. 11-541. Prepared for Resolution Copper. Phoenix, Arizona: SWCA Environmental Consultants. November.

Stewart, W.A., S.D. Miller, and R. Smart. 2006. Advances in acid rock drainage (ARD) characterization of mine wastes. Paper presented at the 7th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage (ICARD), St. Louis, Missouri.

Stone, E.L., G. Jones, and S. Harris. 2012. Conserving energy at a cost to biodiversity? Impacts of LED lighting on bats. Global Change Biology 18:2458-2465.

Strachan, C., and B. Van. 2018. Conclusions from Evaluation of Tailings Dam Incidents. Fort Collins, Colorado: Stantec.

Strohmayer, P. 1999. Soil stockpiling for reclamation and restoration activities after mining and construction. Restoration and Reclamation Review 4(7):1-6.

Stromberg, J., S. Lite, and C. Paradzick. 2005. Tamarisk and river restoration along the San Pedro and Gila Rivers. In Connecting Mountain Islands and Desert Seas: Biodiversity and Management of the Madrean Archipelago II, edited by G.J. Gottfried, B.S. Gebow, L.G. Eskew, and C.B. Edminster, pp. 302-307. RMRS-P-36. Fort Collins, Colorado: Rocky Mountain Research Station, U.S. Forest Service. September.

Suter, M., and J. Contreras. 2002. Active tectonics of northeastern Sonora, Mexico (southern Basin and Range Province) and the 3 May 1887 M_W 7.4 earthquake. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 92(2):581-589.

SWCA Environmental Consultants. 2017a. Resolution Copper Project and Land Exchange Environmental Impact Statement DRAFT Alternatives Evaluation Report. Prepared for U.S. Forest Service. Phoenix, Arizona: SWCA Environmental Consultants. November.

SWCA Environmental Consultants. 2017b. Resolution Copper Project and Land Exchange Environmental Impact Statement: Final Summary of Issues Identified Through Scoping. Prepared for U.S. Forest Service. Phoenix, Arizona: SWCA Environmental Consultants. November.

SWCA Environmental Consultants. 2018a. Cumulative Effects Analysis. Process memorandum to file. Phoenix, Arizona: SWCA Environmental Consultants. December 10.

SWCA Environmental Consultants. 2018b. Overview of Potential Mining Impacts on Public Health and Safety and Rationale for Analysis Approach. Process memorandum to file. Phoenix, Arizona: SWCA Environmental Consultants. May 31.

Tetra Tech. 2018. Sound and Vibration Analysis Report: Resolution Copper Mine Project Pinal County, Arizona. 114-571066A. Prepared for Resolution Copper. Boston, Massachusetts: Tetra Tech. August.

Tetra Tech. 2019. Sound and Vibration Analysis Report: Resolution Copper Mine Project, Pinal County, Arizona. Boston, Massachusetts: Tetra Tech. April 12.

Thompson, J.R., P.W. Mueller, W. Flückiger, and A.J. Rutter. 1984. The effect of dust on photosynthesis and its significance for roadside plants. Environmental Pollution (Series A) 34(1984):171–190.

Tiedemann, A.R., and E.M. Schmutz. 1966. Shrub control and reseeding effects on the oak chaparral of Arizona. Journal of Range Management 19(4):191-195.

Tirmenstein, D. 1999. Quercus turbinella. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available at: Quercus turbinella. Accessed September 27, 2018.

Tonto National Forest. 2000. Threatened, Endangered and Sensitive (TES) Species 2000: Draft Abstracts. Prepared by Debbie Lutch. Available at: Download TES Species 2000 PDF. Accessed January 2, 2019.

Tonto National Forest. 2005. Peachville fire. Available at: [Link Outdated]. Accessed September 27, 2018.
Webpage no longer available - see Fire Archive.

Tonto National Forest. 2018. List of Invasive Species for the Tonto National Forest. Available at: Download List of Invasive Species PDF. Accessed September 2, 2018.

Town of Superior. 2008. Emergency Services Agreement Between the Town of Superior and Resolution Copper Mining LLC. Superior, Arizona: Town of Superior. April 17.

Transportation Research Board. 2000. Highway Capacity Manual. Washington, D.C.: Transportation Research Board.

Tremblay, A.M. 2017. Apache Leap Special Management Area Management Plan: Heritage Resources Report. Phoenix, Arizona: SWCA Environmental Consultants Inc. September.

Tshisens, J. 2018a. DRAFT - Subsidence Monitoring Plan. CCC.03.-11121-EB-REP-0001. Superior, Arizona: Resolution Copper. May.

Tshisens, J. 2018b. Explanation of the Methodology used to derive rock properties for Tal. Superior, Arizona: Resolution Copper. August 2.

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 2002. Coastal Engineering Manual. EM 1110-2-1100. Washington D.C.: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. April.

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 2004. General Design and Construction Considerations for Earth and Rock-Fill Dams. EM 1110-2-2300. Washington D.C.: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. July 30.

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 2012a. Approved Jurisdictional Determination regarding absence of geographic jurisdiction. Letter from Marjorie Blaine, Senior Project Manager, Arizona Branch, to Brian Lindenlaub, Principal, WestLand Resources Inc. Tucson, Arizona: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles District. July 11.

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 2012b. Dam Safety Program: Whitlow Ranch Dam. Fact Sheet. Available at: Dam Safety Program. Accessed May 25, 2019.

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 2015. Approved Jurisdictional Determination Regarding Geographic Jurisdiction. Letter from Sallie Diebolt, Chief, Arizona Branch, to Victoria Peacey, Resolution Copper Company, regarding Near West and MARRCO analysis areas. Phoenix, Arizona: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles District. March 6.

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 2016. Draft Environmental Impact Statement, Proposed Tailings Storage Facility, Ray Mine - Pinal County, Arizona. File No. SPL-2011-1005-MWL. Phoenix, Arizona: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. January 29.

U.S. Census Bureau. 2000. American Fact Finder - General Housing Characteristics: 2000. Arizona, Gila County, Globe, Graham County, Hayden, Maricopa County, Miami, Peridot, Pinal County, San Carlos, Superior, Winkelman. Census 2000 Summary File 1 (SF 1) 100-Percent Data. Available at: Explore Census Data. Accessed September 22, 2017.

U.S. Census Bureau. 2015a. American Fact Finder - Selected Economic Characteristics: Arizona, Bylas, Cutter, Gila County, Globe, Graham County, Hayden, Maricopa County, Miami, Peridot, Pinal County, San Carlos, Superior, Winkelman. 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. Available at: Explore Census Data. Accessed September 21, 2017.

U.S. Census Bureau. 2015b. American Fact Finder - Selected Housing Characteristics: Arizona, Bylas, Cutter, Gila County, Globe, Graham County, Hayden, Maricopa County, Miami, Peridot, Pinal County, San Carlos, Superior, and Winkelman. 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. Available at: Explore Census Data. Accessed September 22, 2017.

U.S. Census Bureau. 2016. American Fact Finder Results - Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2016: 2016 Population Estimates. Available at: [Link]. Accessed October 16, 2018.

U.S. Census Bureau. 2018. American Fact Finder. 2013-2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates: Poverty Status in the Past 12 Months. Available at: Explore Census Data . Accessed May 9, 2019.

U.S. Census Bureau. 2019. Income and Poverty in the United States: 2017. Poverty Thresholds for 2017 by Size of Family and Number of Related Children Under 18 Years. Available at: Income and Poverty in the United States. Accessed May 14, 2019.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1992. Workbook for Plume Visual Impact Screening and Analysis (Revised). EPA-454/R-92-023. Triangle Park, North Carolina: Office of Air Quality Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. October.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1994. Method 1312: Synthetic Precipitation Leaching Procedure. Available at: Download Synthetic Precipitation Leaching Procedure PDF. Accessed January 1, 2019.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2016. What climate change means for Arizona. EPA 430-F-16-005. Available at: Download What Climate Change Means for Arizona PDF. Accessed December 13, 2018.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2017. Revisions to the guideline on air quality models: Enhancements to the AERMOD Dispersion Modeling System and incorporation of approaches to address ozone and fine particulate matter. Federal Register 82(10):5182-5235.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2002. Utah Field Office Guidelines for Raptor Protection From Human and Land Use Disturbances. Salt Lake City, Utah: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Utah Field Office. January.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2003. Monitoring Plan for the American Peregrine Falcon: A Species Recovered Under the Endangered Species Act. Portland, Oregon: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Divisions of Endangered Species and Migratory Birds and State Programs, Pacific Region. December.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2005. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants; Listing Gila chub as endangered with critical habitat; Final rule. Federal Register 70(211):66664–66721.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2013. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants; Designation of critical habitat for Southwestern Willow Flycatcher; Final rule. Federal Register 78(2):344-534.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2014. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants; Designation of critical habitat for the western distinct population segment of the Yellow-billed Cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus); Proposed rule; Notice of public hearing. Federal Register 79(231):71373-71375.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2016a. Acuña Cactus (Echinomastus erectocentras var. acunensis): General Species Information. Available at: Acuña Cactus. Accessed January 2, 2019.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2016b. Arizona Ecological Services, Southwest Region: Documents by Species. Available at: Documents by Species. Accessed January 9, 2018.

U.S. Forest Service. 1974. National Forest Landscape Management. Volume 2, Chapter 1, The Visual Management System. Agriculture Handbook 462. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Forest Service. April.

U.S. Forest Service. 1985a. FSH 1909.17 - Economic and Social Analysis. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Forest Service National Headquarters.

U.S. Forest Service. 1985b. Tonto National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan. U.S. Forest Service, Southwestern Region. October.

U.S. Forest Service. 1991. Chapter 2620.5 - Definitions. In FSM 2600 - Wildlife, Fish, and Sensitive Plant Habitat Management. Amendment No. 2600-91-5. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Forest Service National Headquarters. July 19.

U.S. Forest Service. 1993. Preliminary Analysis of Eligibility and Classification for Wild / Scenic / Recreational River Designation: National Forest of Arizona. Southwestern Region, U.S. Forest Service. January.

U.S. Forest Service. 1999. FSH 2509.18 - Soil Management Handbook. R3 Supplement No. 2509.18-99-1. Albuquerque, New Mexico: U.S. Forest Service. October 20.

U.S. Forest Service. 2004. Training Guide for Reclamation Bond Estimation and Administration: For Mineral Plans of Operations authorized and administered under 36 CFR 228A. Washington D.C.: U.S. Forest Service. April.

U.S. Forest Service. 2006. Forest Service Manual 2800 - Minerals and Geology. Amendment No.: 2800-2006-2. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Forest Service. February 10.

U.S. Forest Service. 2009. FSH 7709.59 - Road System Operations and Maintenance Handbook. Amendment No. 7709.59-2009-1. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Forest Service National Headquarters. February 5.

U.S. Forest Service. 2010a. Chapter 7703.26 - Adding Roads to the Forest Transportation System. In FSM 7700 - Travel Management. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Forest Service National Headquarters. August 30.

U.S. Forest Service. 2010b. Decision Notice and Finding of No Significant Impact Resolution Copper Mining Pre-Feasibility Activities Plan of Operations [FONSI]. Tonto National Forest, Globe Ranger District. May 14.

U.S. Forest Service. 2010c. Environmental Assessment Resolution Copper Mining, Pre-feasibility Activities, Plan of Operations. Phoenix, Arizona: Tonto National Forest, Globe Ranger District. May.

U.S. Forest Service. 2010d. Environmental Assessment: Millsite Allotment Analysis. Mesa, Arizona: Tonto National Forest, Mesa Ranger District. August.

U.S. Forest Service. 2012a. FSH 1909.15 - National Environmental Policy Act Handbook. In Chapter 10 - Environmental Analysis. Washington, D.C.: Amendment No.: 1909.15-2012-3. U.S. Forest Service National Headquarters. June 25.

U.S. Forest Service. 2012b. Groundwater-Dependent Ecosystems: Level II Inventory Field Guide: Inventory Methods for Project Design and Analysis. Gen. Tech. Report WO-86a. Washington D.C.: U.S. Forest Service. March.

U.S. Forest Service. 2013a. The Legends of Superior Trails: Pinal to the Arizona Trail. Available at: Download Legends of Superior Trails PDF. Accessed January 18, 2019.

U.S. Forest Service. 2013b. Special Uses—Applying for a Permit. Available at: Special Uses—Applying for a Permit. Accessed June 27, 2018.

U.S. Forest Service. 2014a. Field Guide for Managing African Rue in the Southwest. TP-R3-16-15. U.S. Forest Service. September.

U.S. Forest Service. 2014b. Field Guide for Managing Teasel in the Southwest. TP-R3-16-26. U.S. Forest Service. September.

U.S. Forest Service. 2014c. Resolution Copper Mining, General Plan of Operations, Completeness Review. Letter from Neil Bosworth, Tonto National Forest Supervisor to Victoria Peacey, Senior Manager, Environment and External Affairs, Resolution Copper. Phoenix, Arizona: U.S. Forest Service. December 5.

U.S. Forest Service. 2015. Financial Assurance for Mine Long-Term Post-Reclamation Monitoring and Maintenance. Memo from Thomas L. Tidwell, Chief, U.S. Forest Service to Regional Foresters, Station Directors, Area Director, IITF Director, Deputy Chiefs and WO Directors. Washington, D.C: U.S. Forest Service. July 24.

U.S. Forest Service. 2016a. Final Environmental Assessment: Resolution Copper Mining Baseline Hydrological and Geotechnical Data Gathering Activities Plan of Operations. Tonto National Forest, Globe and Mesa Ranger Districts, Pinal County. January.

U.S. Forest Service. 2016b. FSH 1509.13 - American Indian and Alaska Native Relations Handbook. In Chapter 10 - Consultation with Indian Tribes and Alaska Native Corporations. Amendment No.: 1509.13-2016-1. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Forest Service National Headquarters. March 9.

U.S. Forest Service. 2016c. Millsite Allotment Management Plan. Mesa Ranger District, Tonto National Forest. November 2.

U.S. Forest Service. 2016d. National Visitor Use Monitoring Program - Tonto National Forest FY 2016. Available at: National Visitor Use Monitoring. Accessed May 23, 2019.

U.S. Forest Service. 2016e. Travel Management on the Tonto National Forest Final Environmental Impact Statement. Volume 1. Phoenix, Arizona: Tonto National Forest. June.

U.S. Forest Service. 2016f. Travel Management on the Tonto National Forest: Draft Record of Decision. Phoenix, Arizona: Tonto National Forest. June.

U.S. Forest Service. 2017a. Apache Leap Special Management Area Management Plan: Environmental Assessment and Finding of No Significant Impact. Tonto National Forest, Globe Ranger District. August.

U.S. Forest Service. 2017b. Apache Leap Special Management Area Management Plan: Errata to Final Environmental Assessment. Phoenix, Arizona: U.S. Forest Service. December.

U.S. Forest Service. 2017c. Apache Leap Special Management Area: Management Plan. Tonto National Forest, Globe Ranger District. December.

U.S. Forest Service. 2017d. Final Assessment Report of Ecological Conditions, Trends, and Risks to Sustainability, Tonto National Forest: Volume 1. Phoenix, Arizona: U.S. Forest Service. March.

U.S. Forest Service. 2017e. Resolution Copper Project and Land Exchange Environmental Impact Statement: Public Concern Statements. Phoenix, Arizona: U.S. Forest Service. May.

U.S. Forest Service. 2017f. Resolution Copper Project and Land Exchange Environmental Impact Statement: Scoping Report. Phoenix, Arizona: U.S. Forest Service. March.

U.S. Forest Service. 2018a. Arizona National Scenic Trail. Available at: Arizona National Scenic Trail. Accessed January 2, 2019.

U.S. Forest Service. 2018b. Arizona National Scenic Trail Nature and Purposes. U.S. Forest Service. March.

U.S. Forest Service. 2018c. Oak Flat Campground. Available at: Oak Flat Campground. Accessed December 12, 2018.

U.S. Forest Service. 2018d. Plant Fact Sheets. Available at: Resources and Publications Accessed April 6, 2018.

U.S. Forest Service. 2018e. Southwestern Region GIS Data, including General Terrestrial Ecosystem Survey. Available at: Geospatial Data. Accessed January 2, 2019.

U.S. Forest Service. no date. Superior allotment plan. Document received from Tonto National Forest.

U.S. Forest Service, National Park Service, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2010. Federal Land Managers' Air Quality Related Values Work Group (FLAG): Phase I Report - Revised (2010). Natural Resource Report NPS/NRPC/NRR—2010/232. Denver, Colorado: National Park Service. October.

U.S. Forest Service, National Park Service, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2011. Federal Land Managers' Interagency Guidance for Nitrogen and Sulfur Deposition Analyses. Natural Resources Report NPS/NRSS/ARD/NRR-2011/465. Denver, Colorado: National Park Service. November.

U.S. Geological Survey. 2018a. Quaternary Fault and Fold Database of the United States. Earthquake Hazards Program. Available at: Faults. Accessed April 1, 2018.

U.S. Geological Survey. 2018b. Routine United States Mining Seismicity. Earthquake Hazards Program. Available at: Routine United States Mining Seisimicity. Accessed April 1, 2018.

U.S. Geological Survey. 2018c. Search Earthquake Catalog. Earthquake Hazards Program. Available at: Search Earthquake Catalog. Accessed April 8, 2018.

U.S. Geological Survey. 2018d. StreamStats: Arizona. Available at: StreamStats. Accessed December 19, 2018.

University of California Statewide Integrated Pest Management Program. 2017. Pests in gardens and landscapes: Dodder Management Guidelines. Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources. Available at: Pests in Gardens and Landscapes. Accessed April 6, 2018.

University of Nevada Reno. 2004. Wanted dead, not alive! This outlaw weed is hiding out! Find it. Eradicate it. Austrian Fieldcress. University of Nevada Cooperative Extension. Prepared by Johnson Graham. Available at: Download Austrian Fieldcress Brochure. Accessed January 27, 2019.

Verberg, R., and M. Harvey. 2008. Kinetic Testing Results of Cleaner and Scavenger Tailings - Resolution Copper Project. Ref: 073-92548. Technical memorandum. Redmond, Washington: Golder Associates Inc. July 14.

Vinson, J., B. Jones, M. Milczarek, D. Hammermeister, and J. Ward. 1999. Vegetation success, seepage, and erosion on tailings sites reclaimed with cattle and biosolids. Paper presented at the 16th National Meeting of the American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, Scottsdale, Arizona.

Walker, D.A., and K.R. Everett. 1987. Road dust and its environmental impact on Alaskan taiga and tundra. Arctic and Alpine Research 19(4):479–489.

Warnecke, D., M. Dahlberg, S. Lashway, K. Smith, N. Robb, and A. Smith. 2018. Queen Creek 2017 Aquatic Species and Habitat Surveys for Arizona Game and Fish Department - DRAFT. Technical report. Phoenix: Arizona Game and Fish Department. December.

Water Resources Research Center. 2018. Arroyo 2018: Water and Irrigated Agriculture in Arizona. 2nd Edition. Revised. Dated June 27. Available at: Arroyo 2018. Accessed May 26, 2019.

Webb, R.H. 2002. Recovery of severely compacted soils in the Mojave Desert, California, USA. Arid Land Research and Management 16(3):291-305.

Webb, R.H., M.B. Murov, T.C. Esque, D.E. Boyer, L.A. DeFalco, D.F. Haines, D. Oldershaw, S.J. Scoles, K.A. Thomas, J.B. Blainey, and P.A. Medica. 2003. Perennial Vegetation Data from Permanent Plots on the Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada. Open-File Report 03-336. Tucson, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey.

Webb, R.H., J.W. Steiger, and E.B. Newman. 1988. The Response of Vegetation to Disturbance in Death Valley National Monument, California. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1793. Washington D.C.: U.S. Geological Survey.

Webb, R.H., J.W. Steiger, and R.M. Turner. 1987. Dynamics of Mojave Desert shrub assemblages in the Panamint Mountains, California. Ecology 68(3):478-490.

Werner, C., O. Correia, and W. Beyschlag. 2002. Characteristic patterns of chronic and dynamic photoinhibition of different functional groups in a Mediterranean ecosystem. Functional Plant Biology 29:999–1011.

Western Regional Climate Center. 2018. Climate of Arizona. Available at: Climate of Arizona. Accessed September 20, 2018.

WestLand Resources. 2003. Ecological Overview: San Pedro River Parcel, Pinal County, Arizona. Job No. 807.03 SP 340. Prepared for Resolution Copper. Tucson, Arizona: WestLand Resources Inc. September 10.

WestLand Resources. 2004a. Ecological Overview: 6L Ranch Parcel, Yavapai County, Arizona. Job No. 807.06 6L 300. Prepared for Resolution Copper. Tucson, Arizona: WestLand Resources Inc. July 19.

WestLand Resources. 2004b. Ecological Overview: Appleton Ranch Parcel, Santa Cruz County, Arizona. Job No. 807.06 RR 300. Prepared for Resolution Copper. Tucson, Arizona: WestLand Resources Inc. May 26.

WestLand Resources. 2004c. Ecological Overview: JX Ranch Parcel, Gila County, Arizona. Job No. 807.06 JX 300. Prepared for Resolution Copper. Tucson, Arizona: WestLand Resources Inc. March 31.

Westland Resources. 2004d. Ecological Overview: LX Bar Ranch Parcel, Yavapai County Arizona. Job No. 807.06 TC 300. Prepared for Resolution Copper. Tucson, Arizona: WestLand Resources Inc. March 3.

WestLand Resources. 2009. A Class III Cultural Resources Survey of Approximately 0.45 Acre Near Superior, Arizona. Project No.: 807.15 110-1. Tucson, Arizona: WestLand Resources, Inc. September 18.

WestLand Resources. 2015a. Phase I Environmental Site Assessment: Non-Federal Parcel - Dripping Springs, Gila County, Arizona. Project No. 807.98. Prepared for Resolution Copper. Tucson, Arizona: WestLand Resources Inc. June 24.

WestLand Resources. 2015b. Phase I Environmental Site Assessment: Non-Federal Parcel, Apache Leap South End, Gila County, Arizona. Project No. 807.98. Prepared for Resolution Copper. Tucson, Arizona: WestLand Resources Inc. August 13.

WestLand Resources. 2016a. Ecological Overview, Dripping Springs Parcel, Gila and Pinal Counties, Arizona: Resolution Copper. Project Number: 807.98 13 06. Prepared for Resolution Copper. Tucson, Arizona: WestLand Resources Inc. December.

WestLand Resources. 2016b. Phase I Environmental Assessment, Non-Federal Parcel, East Clear Creek, Coconino County, Arizona: Resolution Copper. Project Number: 807.126. Prepared for Resolution Copper. Tucson, Arizona: WestLand Resources Inc. September.

WestLand Resources. 2016c. Phase I Environmental Assessment, Non-Federal Parcel, Tangle Creek (LX Bar Ranch), Yavapai County, Arizona: Resolution Copper. Project Number: 807.119. Prepared for Resolution Copper. Tucson, Arizona: WestLand Resources Inc. October.

WestLand Resources. 2016d. Phase I Environmental Site Assessment, Non-Federal Parcel, Appleton Ranch, Santa Cruz County, Arizona: Resolution Copper. Project No. 807.121. Prepared for Resolution Copper. Tucson, Arizona: WestLand Resources Inc. September.

WestLand Resources. 2016e. Phase I Environmental Site Assessment, Non-Federal Parcel, Cave Creek (6L Ranch), Maricopa County, Arizona: Resolution Copper. Project No. 807.120. Prepared for Resolution Copper. Tucson, Arizona: WestLand Resources Inc. September.

WestLand Resources. 2016f. Phase I Environmental Site Assessment, Non-Federal Parcel, Turkey Creek (JX Bar Ranch), Gila County, Arizona: Resolution Copper. Project Number: 807.118. Prepared for Resolution Copper. Tucson, Arizona: WestLand Resources Inc. October.

WestLand Resources. 2017a. 2017 Forest Sensitive Plant Species Survey Within the Resolution Copper Project Area. Project Number: 807.132 06. Tucson, Arizona: WestLand Resources Inc. November.

WestLand Resources. 2017b. Ecological Overview, East Clear Creek Parcel, Coconino County, Arizona: Resolution Copper. Project Number: 807.98 13 06. Prepared for Resolution Copper. Tucson, Arizona: WestLand Resources Inc. January 24.

WestLand Resources. 2017c. General Plan of Operations and Legislative Land Exchange Screening Analysis for Special Status Species: Resolution Copper. Project Number: 807. 115 05-8985 04. Prepared for Tonto National Forest. Tucson, Arizona: WestLand Resources Inc. December.

WestLand Resources. 2017d. Phase I Environmental Site Assessment, Non-Federal Parcel, Lower San Pedro River, Pinal County, Arizona: Resolution Copper. Project Number: 807.134. Prepared for Resolution Copper. Tucson, Arizona: WestLand Resources Inc. November.

WestLand Resources. 2018a. 2017 Fish Survey for the Resolution Copper Project. Project Number: 807.132 04 04. Prepared for Resolution Copper. Tucson, Arizona: WestLand Resources Inc. March 9.

WestLand Resources. 2018b. Resolution Copper Water Balance Tailings Alternatives 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. Project No.: 807.141 02. Prepared for Resolution Copper. Tucson, Arizona: WestLand Resources Inc. September 4.

WestLand Resources. 2018c. Resolution Tailings Storage Facility Alternatives: Comparative Analysis of Ordinary High Water Mark, Aquatic Features, and Potential Waters of the U.S. Project No.: 0807.149 06. Tucson, Arizona: WestLand Resources Inc. September 6.

WestLand Resources. 2018d. Survey of Surface Water Features in the Resolution Project Area and Vicinity: Resolution Copper. Project Number: 807.132 04 01. Prepared for Resolution Copper. Tucson, Arizona: WestLand Resources Inc. March.

WestLand Resources. 2019. DRAFT - Resolution Copper Project Clean Water Act, Section 404, Conceptual Mitigation Plan. Project No.: 807.149 10. Tucson, Arizona: WestLand Resources Inc. May 16.

WestLand Resources, and Montgomery and Associates. 2018. Spring and Seep Catalog, Resolution Copper Project Area, Upper Queen Creek and Devils Canyon Watersheds. Prepared for Resolution Copper. Version 2.0. Tucson, Arizona: WestLand Resources Inc. and Montgomery and Associates. June 15.

Wheat Scharf Associates and ADOT/FHWA/BLM/USFS Steering Committee. 2008. Arizona Department of Transportation Guidelines for Highways on Bureau of Land Management and U.S. Forest Service Lands. Prepared for Arizona Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Bureau of Land Management, and U.S. Forest Service. Tucson, Arizona: Wheat Scharf Associates.

White, M.R. (ed.). 2013. Invasive Plants and Weeds of the National Forests and Grasslands in the Southwestern Region. MR-R3-16-6. Albuquerque, New Mexico: U.S. Forest Service, Southwestern Region. December.

Wickham, M. 2018. Prediction of tailings seepage water chemistry influenced by tailings weathering processes. Technical memorandum. South Jordan, Utah: Rio Tinto. August 23.

Wilbor, S. 2010. Avian surveys conducted by Audubon Arizona IBA Program at 7B Ranch, Lower San Pedro River, Mammoth, Arizona, 2006-2010. Tucson Audubon Society.

Williams, A.J. 2011. Co-development of biological soil crusts, soil-geomorphology, and landscape biogeochemistry in the Mojave Desert, Nevada, U.S.A. - Implications for ecological management. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Geoscience, University of Nevada, Las Vegas.

Williams, A.J., B.J. Buck, and M.A. Beyene. 2012. Biological soil crusts in the Mojave Desert, USA: Micromorphology and pedogenesis. Soil Science Society of America Journal 76(5):1685-1695.

Williams, A.J., B.J. Buck, D.A. Soukup, and D.J. Merkler. 2013. Geomorphic controls on biological soil crust distribution: A conceptual model from the Mojave Desert (USA). Geomorphology 195(2013):99-109.

Winston, R., W. DesCamp, J. Andreas, C.B. Randall, J. Milan, and M. Schwarzländer. 2014. New Invaders of the Southwest. FHTET-2014-13. Moscow, Idaho: University of Idaho Extension; Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team. December.

Winter, M., D.H. Johnson, and J. Faaborg. 2000. Evidence for edge effects on multiple levels in tallgrass prairie. The Condor 102:256-266.

Witt, J.K., M. Schönhardt, J. Saarela, R. Frilander, J. Csicsak, M. Csővari, A. Várhegyi, D.P. Georgescu, C.A. Radulescu, M. Zlagnean, J. Bõhm, Á. Debreczeni, I. Gombkötõ, A. Xenidis, E. Koffa, A. Kourtis, and J. Engels. 2004. Tailings Management Facilities - Risks and Reliability. Edited by J.K. Witt and M. Schönhardt. Contract Number: EVG1-CT-2002-00066. Report of the European RTD project TAILSAFE. Weimar, Germany: Bauhaus-University of Weimar; TAILSAFE. September.

Wong, I., E. Nemser, M. Dober, S. Olig, J. Bott, F. Terra, R. Darragh, and W. Silva. 2013. Site-Specific Seismic Hazard Analyses for the Resolution Mining Company Tailings Storage Facilities Options, Southern Arizona. Prepared for Resolution Copper. Oakland, California: URS Corporation; El Cerrito, California: Pacific Engineering and Analysis. June 3.

Wong, I., P. Thomas, N. Lewandowski, and S. Lindvall. 2018. Site-Specific Seismic Hazard Evaluation for the Proposed Resolution Copper Mine, Southern Arizona. Prepared for Resolution Copper. Walnut Creek, California: Lettis Consultants International Inc. January 23.

Wong, I., P. Thomas, N. Lewandowski, S. Lindvall, and A. Seifried. 2017. Updated Site-Specific Seismic Hazard and Development of Time Histories for Resolution Copper's Near West Site, Southern Arizona. Prepared for Resolution Copper. Walnut Creek, California: Lettis Consultants International Inc. November 27.

Wong, I., P. Thomas, S. Olig, and F. Terra. 2008. Site-Specific Probabilistic and Deterministic Seismic Hazard Analyses: Sierrita Tailing Dam Green Valley, Arizona. Prepared for Phelps Dodge Sierrita Inc. Oakland, California: URS Corporation. October 31.

Wong, I.G. 1993. Tectonic stresses in mine seismicity: Are they significant? Paper presented at the Rockbursts and Seismicity in Mines 93. Proceedings of the Third International Symposium, Kingston, Canada.

Woo, K.-S., E. Eberhardt, D. Elmo, and D. Stead. 2013. Empirical investigation and characterization of surface subsidence related to block cave mining. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 61(2013):31-42.

Wood, Y.A., R.C. Graham, and S.G. Wells. 2005. Surface control of desert pavement pedologic process and landscape function, Cima Volcanic field, Mojave Desert, California. Catena 59(2005):205-230.

Woodhouse, G.E. 1997. Perched Water in Fractured, Welded Tuff: Mechanisms of Formation and Characteristics of Recharge. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona.

Worthington, R.D., and R.D. Corral. 1987. Some effects of fire on shrubs and succulents in a Chihuahuan Desert community in the Franklin Mountains, El Paso County, Texas. Paper presented at the Second Symposium on Resources of the Chihuahuan Desert Region, United States and Mexico, Alpine, Texas.

WSP USA. 2019. Resolution Copper Groundwater Flow Model Report. Project No.: 31400968. Greenwood Village, Colorado: WSP USA. February 15.

Youngs, R.R., W.J. Arabasz, R.E. Anderson, A.R. Ramelli, J.P. Ake, D.B. Slemmons, J.P. McCalpin, D.I. Doser, C.J. Fridrich, F.H. Swann III, A.M. Rogers, J.C. Yount, L.W. Anderson, K.D. Smith, R.L. Bruhn, P.L.K. Knuepfer, R.B. Smith, C.M. dePolo, D.W. O'Leary, K.J. Coppersmith, S.K. Pezzopane, D.P. Schwartz, J.W. Whitney, S.S. Olig, and G.R. Toro. 2003. A methodology for probabalistic fault displacement hazard analysis (PFDHA). Earthquake Spectra 19(1):191-219.

Zouhar, K. 2003. Potentilla recta. In: Fire Effects Information System. Available at: Potentilla recta. Accessed April 6, 2018.